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Advice involves recommendations on what to think; through thought, on what to choose; and via choices, on how to act. Advice is information that moves by communication, from advisors to the recipient of advice. Ivan Jureta offers a general way to analyze advice. The analysis applies regardless of what the advice is about and from whom it comes or to whom it needs to be given, and it concentrates on the production and consumption of advice independent of the field of application. It is made up of two intertwined parts, a conceptual analysis and an analysis of the rationale of advice. He premises that giving advice is a design problem and he treats advice as an artifact designed and used to influence decisions. What is unusual is the theoretical backdrop against which the author’s discussions are set: ontology engineering, conceptual analysis, and artificial intelligence. While classical decision theory would be expected to play a key role, this is not the case here for one principal reason: the difficulty of having relevant numerical, quantitative estimates of probability and utility in most practical situations. Instead conceptual models and mathematical logic are the author’s tools of choice. The book is primarily intended for graduate students and researchers of management science. They are offered a general method of analysis that applies to giving and receiving advice when the decision problems are not well structured, and when there is imprecise, unclear, incomplete, or conflicting qualitative information.
Advice, defined as a recommendation for action in response to a problem, is a common form of interpersonal support and influence. Indeed, the advice we give and receive from others can be highly consequential, not only affecting us as recipients and advisors, but shaping outcomes for relationships, groups, and organizations. Some of those consequences are positive, as when advice promotes individual problem-solving, or enhances workgroup productivity. Yet advice can also hide ulterior motives, threaten identity, damage relationships, and promote inappropriate action. The Oxford Handbook of Advice provides a broad perspective on how advice succeeds and fails, systematically reviewing and synthesizing theory and research on advice from multiple disciplines, such as communication, psychology, applied linguistics, business, law, and medicine. Several chapters explore advice at different levels of analysis, focusing on advisor and recipient roles, advising interactions and relationships, and advice as a resource and connection in groups and networks. Other chapters address advice in particular types of personal relationships (romantic, family) and professional contexts (workplace, health, education, therapy). Contributing authors also consider cultural differences, advice online, and the ethics of advising. For scholars concerned with supportive communication, interpersonal influence, decision-making, social networks, and related communication processes at work, at home, and in society at large, this Handbook offers historical perspective, contemporary theoretical framing, methodological recommendations, and directions for future research. It also emphasizes practical application, offering clear, concise, and relevant "advice for advising" based on theory and research.
High-quality policy analysis and advice is crucial for governments as they wrestle with complex and intractable issues that they can neither manage nor solve on their own. This book explores ways of adding value to policy analysis and advice in Australia and New Zealand, drawing on contributions from individuals and organisations both inside and outside the formal policymaking system. The authors critique and expand upon the available models, methods and approaches to policy analysis and advising, and propose a systems perspective and a crafting approach to policy design. They examine strategies for improving the quality, capability and performance of the policy advisory system, and the complementary roles of advisers, analysts, managers and others.
- Exploit the significant power of design patterns and make better design decisions with the proven POAD methodology - Improve software quality and reliability while reducing costs and maintenance efforts - Practical case studies and illustrative examples help the reader manage the complexity of software development
Praise for the first edition: “This excellent text will be useful to everysystem engineer (SE) regardless of the domain. It covers ALLrelevant SE material and does so in a very clear, methodicalfashion. The breadth and depth of the author's presentation ofSE principles and practices is outstanding.” –Philip Allen This textbook presents a comprehensive, step-by-step guide toSystem Engineering analysis, design, and development via anintegrated set of concepts, principles, practices, andmethodologies. The methods presented in this text apply to any typeof human system -- small, medium, and large organizational systemsand system development projects delivering engineered systems orservices across multiple business sectors such as medical,transportation, financial, educational, governmental, aerospace anddefense, utilities, political, and charity, among others. Provides a common focal point for “bridgingthe gap” between and unifying System Users, System Acquirers,multi-discipline System Engineering, and Project, Functional, andExecutive Management education, knowledge, and decision-making fordeveloping systems, products, or services Each chapter provides definitions of key terms,guiding principles, examples, author’s notes, real-worldexamples, and exercises, which highlight and reinforce key SE&Dconcepts and practices Addresses concepts employed in Model-BasedSystems Engineering (MBSE), Model-Driven Design (MDD), UnifiedModeling Language (UMLTM) / Systems Modeling Language(SysMLTM), and Agile/Spiral/V-Model Development such asuser needs, stories, and use cases analysis; specificationdevelopment; system architecture development; User-Centric SystemDesign (UCSD); interface definition & control; systemintegration & test; and Verification & Validation(V&V) Highlights/introduces a new 21st Century SystemsEngineering & Development (SE&D) paradigm that is easy tounderstand and implement. Provides practices that are critical stagingpoints for technical decision making such as Technical StrategyDevelopment; Life Cycle requirements; Phases, Modes, & States;SE Process; Requirements Derivation; System ArchitectureDevelopment, User-Centric System Design (UCSD); EngineeringStandards, Coordinate Systems, and Conventions; et al. Thoroughly illustrated, with end-of-chapter exercises andnumerous case studies and examples, Systems EngineeringAnalysis, Design, and Development, Second Edition is a primarytextbook for multi-discipline, engineering, system analysis, andproject management undergraduate/graduate level students and avaluable reference for professionals.
"This book addresses the topic of software design: how to decompose complex software systems into modules (such as classes and methods) that can be implemented relatively independently. The book first introduces the fundamental problem in software design, which is managing complexity. It then discusses philosophical issues about how to approach the software design process and it presents a collection of design principles to apply during software design. The book also introduces a set of red flags that identify design problems. You can apply the ideas in this book to minimize the complexity of large software systems, so that you can write software more quickly and cheaply."--Amazon.
FOREWORD BY GUY KAWASAKI Presentation designer and internationally acclaimed communications expert Garr Reynolds, creator of the most popular Web site on presentation design and delivery on the Net — presentationzen.com — shares his experience in a provocative mix of illumination, inspiration, education, and guidance that will change the way you think about making presentations with PowerPoint or Keynote. Presentation Zen challenges the conventional wisdom of making "slide presentations" in today’s world and encourages you to think differently and more creatively about the preparation, design, and delivery of your presentations. Garr shares lessons and perspectives that draw upon practical advice from the fields of communication and business. Combining solid principles of design with the tenets of Zen simplicity, this book will help you along the path to simpler, more effective presentations.
Helps you design a great user interface by focusing on the most important step in the process - the first one. You learn to go out and observe your users at work, whether they are employees of your company or people in customer organisations. You learn to find out what your users really need, not by asking them what they want, but by going through a process of understanding what they are trying to accomplish. The authors take you through a step-by-step process to conduct a user and task analysis. You learn: How interface designers use user and task analysis to build successful interfaces; Why knowledge of users, their tasks, and their environments is critical to successful design; How to prepare and set up your site visits; How to select and train your user and task analysis team; What observations to make, questions to ask, and questions to avoid; How to record and report what you have learned to your development team members; How to turn the information you've gathered into design ideas; How to create paper prototypes of your interface design; and How to conduct usability tests with your prototypes to find out if you're on the right track.
NEW: updated eResources, 'Case Studies for Teaching on Race, Racism and Black Lives Matter.' Please see Support Material tab to download the new resources. This book presents an integrated approach to learning about research design alongside statistical analysis concepts. Strunk and Mwavita maintain a focus on applied educational research throughout the text, with practical tips and advice on how to do high-quality quantitative research. Design and Analysis in Educational Research teaches research design (including epistemology, research ethics, forming research questions, quantitative design, sampling methodologies, and design assumptions) and introductory statistical concepts (including descriptive statistics, probability theory, sampling distributions), basic statistical tests (like z and t), and ANOVA designs, including more advanced designs like the factorial ANOVA and mixed ANOVA, using SPSS for analysis. Designed specifically for an introductory graduate course in research design and statistical analysis, the book takes students through principles by presenting case studies, describing the research design principles at play in each study, and then asking students to walk through the process of analyzing data that reproduce the published results. An online eResource is also available with data sets. This textbook is tailor-made for first-level doctoral courses in research design and analysis, and will also be of interest to graduate students in education and educational research.