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Update of one of a series of reports on the state of the budget and the economy that is issued each year; the report makes no recommendations. Contents: (1) The Budget Outlook; (2) The Economic Outlook; (3) Changes in Baseline Since March 2009; (4) The Government¿s Actions in Support of the Housing and Financial Markets. Tables and graphs.
Calcific aortic valve stenosis is the most frequent valvular heart disease in Western countries, affecting up to 13% of individuals over 75 years. The disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by fibro-calcification of aortic valve cusps and concomitant left ventricular remodelling due to chronic pressure overload, which can evolve into overt heart failure. It progresses very slowly until the onset of symptoms, the indication for aortic valve replacement. Today, about 300,000 aortic valve replacements are performed annually worldwide, either via surgery or transcatheter implantation. This is the only treatment shown to improve survival. There is no pharmacological treatment to prevent or slow disease progression. Major risk factors include older age, congenital anomalies of the aortic valve (bicuspid valve), male gender, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and diabetes. However, how these factors contribute to the disease in unclear. Due to the disease itself, patients are at increased risk of both thrombosis and bleeding, which, in addition to advanced age and comorbidities, makes antithrombotic management of these patients difficult. Regarding valve prostheses, the ideal prosthesis either mechanical or biological still does not exist. Clinically available prostheses can lead to major complications, thrombosis or infection, which necessitate reoperation or cause death in 50-60% of patients within 10 years post-implantation. Hence, there are major unmet medical needs in CAVS and more basic and translational research is definitely required. Our Research Topic depicts major challenges and research paths that could be followed to address these major health needs.
This updated issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, edited by Martin H. Bluth, will focus on Molecular Pathology. Topics include, but are not limited to, The Impact of Molecular Pathology on the Practice of Pathology; Molecular pathology techniques; Clinical Implication of MicroRNAs in Molecular Pathology; Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology; Molecular Pathology in Transfusion Medicine; Molecular Diagnosis of Hematopoietic Neoplasms; Molecular Diagnostics in Colorectal Carcinoma; Molecular Diagnostics in the Neoplasms of Small Intestine and Appendix; Molecular Diagnostics in Esophageal and Gastric Neoplasms; Molecular Diagnostics in the Neoplasms of the Pancreas, Liver, Gall Bladder, and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract; Current Applications of Molecular Genetic Technologies to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cutaneous Melanocytic Neoplasms; Breast Carcinoma; and Gynecologic Cancers.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as a chronic lung disease affecting preterm infants has been recognized for more than 45 years. However, little progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of the disease. BPD continues to be a major morbidity affecting preterm infants. Studies in pre-adolescent children demonstrate that the abnormal lung function from BPD persists well into childhood. Infants with BPD also have an increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Thus BPD imposes a significant burden of adverse health outcomes in preterm infants. The major risk factors for BPD are prematurity, mechanical ventilation, exposure to noxious insults such as oxygen, infections. New research data both in basic science and clinical studies have shed light on the pathogenesis, and possible new treatment or management strategies for the future. In the proposed issue of the Clinics in Perinatology, we would like to comprehensively cover BPD both from a basic science and clinical perspective. Our attempt is to balance new information along with classic topics. The proposed authors for the issue are recognized experts in the topic area/s. We hope that the issue will be of interest to a broad array of readership.
In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic.Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in the field, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.