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In many countries, schools have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by splitting up classes. While the purpose of dividing classes is clearly health-related, the process of doing so poses an interesting question: what is the best way to divide a class so as to maximize the incentive for students to perform better? Using a constructive example, we demonstrate how social-psychological unhappiness can be the basis for an incentive structure that optimally nudges students to improve their performance. The example is based on evidence that students aspire to improve their performance when it lags behind that of other students with whom they naturally compare themselves. For a given set of m students, we quantify unhappiness by the index of relative deprivation, which measures the extent to which a student lags behind other students in the set who are doing better than him. We examine how to divide the set into an exogenously predetermined number of subsets in order to maximize aggregate relative deprivation, so that the incentive for the students to study harder because of unfavorable comparison with other students is at its strongest. We show that the solution to this problem depends only on the students' ordinally-measured levels of performance, independent of the performance of comparators. In addition, we find that when m is an even number, there are multiple optimal divisions, whereas when m is an odd number, there is only one optimal division.
This instructional math framework provides an environment for mathematics that fosters mathematical thinking and understanding while meeting the needs of all students. This updated math resource takes an innovative approach to mathematics instruction and uses the same teaching philosophies for guided reading. Educators will learn how to effectively utilize small-group and whole-group instruction, manipulatives, math warm-ups, and Math Workshop to engage K-12 students in connecting mathematics to their own lives. Maximize the impact of your instruction with ideas for using ongoing assessment and differentiation strategies. This 2nd edition guided math resource written by Laney Sammons provides practical guidance and sample lessons for grade level bands K-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12. Promote a classroom environment of numeracy and mathematical discourse with this essential professional resource for K-12 math teachers!
This study is meant as an exploratory study to determine the extent to which multi-grade classrooms exist in school districts in Canada. Specifically, it obtains demographic information on multi-grade classrooms across Canada; describes the type (or classification) of grades and grade combinations in these schools; identifies the range of methodological procedures used and the instructional areas in which teachers need assistance; elicits the opinions of experienced teachers and principals on the psycho-social and cognitive development of students; and derives recommendations on curricula design, the organization of students for instructional purposes, the training of teachers for the multi-grade classroom, and needed research.
In 1990, John Major hailed 'the classless society'; in 1997, New Labour announced that 'we're all middle class now', yet we live in an age where food banks, pay day lenders and zero-hour contracts proliferate: it's clear that class matters. Foregrounding the economic nature of class, Split challenges the idea that class can be reduced to the cultural. From precarious labour to rising debt; from the housing crisis to environmental catastrophe; from an inflated prison population to the welfare state; Ben Tippet traces the class divide at the heart of all exploitation. Myth-busting meritocracy, he exposes the role that tax havens, colonialism and inheritance play in the wealth of the elite. Split highlights the potential for a diverse and eclectic working-class bloc to fight back in an age of austerity and uncertainty.
Ted Stewart is a runner at Green Ridge High School. The boys' track & field team at Green Ridge won the state championship last year, but many of its stars have graduated. Now they are the underdogs, although Coach Bill Mallory is confident that Ted, Josh Johnson, and others can fill the gaps and compete with archrival Riverside High. Ted, however, will have to deal with his teammate Sonny Lamar who rarely has a kind word for anybody. EDWARD R. KOCH is a CPA and an attorney who resides in northern New Jersey with his family. He competed for championship teams in high school and college. Since that time, he has officiated at all levels of the sport from the 1996 Olympic Games to local youth and adult events. He served during 2000-2008 as national treasurer of USA Track & Field, the national governing body of the sport.
Includes proceedings of the association, papers read at the annual sessions, and lists of current medical literature.
The leading comprehensive guide for Catholic school principals Fully revised and expanded 2nd editionNew material on curriculum, instruction, testing, development, fundraising, federal regulationsDiscusses school management fundamentals: from budgeting to recruitment This new edition of the highly influential text, Catholic School Administration, has been greatly enlarged and improved with new chapters on curriculum improvement, supervision of instruction, ways to assess testing—as well as new information on marketing, human resources, and student recruitment. Based on principles drawn from Ignatius to Vatican II, as well as concepts from current educational and social theorists, the book combines the best ideas for leading and decision-making with detailed practical presentations of the managerial tasks that must be mastered to run a parochial school. Case studies and surveys provide extra guidance. For readers seeking to make organizational and instructional improvements, this text offers proven techniques for systematic change. It is an outstanding resource for introducing administrators to the challenges of running a Catholic school.