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The canard panels had 5 deg of dihedral and were deflected differentially or individually over an incidence range from 10 deg to -10 deg and a model angle-of-attack range from -4 deg to 15 deg. Significant side forces were generated in a transonic tunnel by differential and single canard-panel deflections over the Mach number and angle-of-attack ranges. The yawing moment resulting from the forward location of the generated side force would necessitate a vertical tail/rudder trim force which would augment the forebody side force and be of comparable magnitude. Incremental side forces, yawing moments, lift, and pitching moments due to single canard-panel deflections were additive; that is, their sums were essentially the same as the forces and moments produced by differential canard-panel deflections of the same magnitude. Differential and single canard-panel deflections produced negligible rolling moments over the Mach number and angle-of-attack ranges. Re, R. J. and Capone, F. J. Langley Research Center NASA-TN-D-8510, L-11613 RTOP 505-04-11-01...
An investigation of the effect of a close-coupled canard on the aerodynamic characteristics of a 0.10-scale F-4B aircraft has been conducted in the NSRDC 8 x 10-foot subsonic wind tunnel. The model was pitched through an angle of attack range from -3 to 30 degrees. The canard was positioned at three vertical positions at one longitudinal station both with and without horizontal tail. The addition of the canard produced two important results: a 30 percent increase in lift coefficient and an increase in useable angle of attack of 6 degrees. (Author).
The effects of an oscillating close-coupled canard on the canard/wing vortex interaction for increased lift enhancement were studied. Two test conditions were studied: the first with a model angle of attack of 22 deg. and the second of 34 deg. The canard was positioned at three mean deflection angles equal to 4, 7 and 10 deg. for the model angle of attack of 22 deg. and -4, -7 and -10 deg. for the model angle of attack of 34 deg. At each of the canard mean deflection angles, the canard was oscillated with amplitudes of +/- 5 deg. and +/- 10 deg. with reduced frequencies ranging from 0.046 to 0.232. Because of the small effects noted which were of the order of accuracy of the balance, only general trends are discussed. The trends indicate that for this particular model configuration and geometry, lift was decreased slightly with increasing canard frequency and amplitude. No lift-enhancement benefits were revealed during the study.
The X-31 Enhanced Fighter Maneuverability Demonstrator was unique among experimental aircraft. A joint effort of the United States and Germany, the X-31 was the only X-plane to be designed, manufactured, and flight tested as an international collaboration. It was also the only X-plane to support two separate test programs conducted years apart, one administered largely by NASA and the other by the U.S. Navy, as well as the first X-plane ever to perform at the Paris Air Show. Flying Beyond the Stall begins by describing the government agencies and private-sector industries involved in the X-31 program, the genesis of the supermaneuverability concept and its initial design breakthroughs, design and fabrication of two test airframes, preparation for the X-31's first flight, and the first flights of Ship #1 and Ship #2. Subsequent chapters discuss envelope expansion, handling qualities (especially at high angles of attack), and flight with vectored thrust. The book then turns to the program's move to NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center and actual flight test data. Additional tasking, such as helmet-mounted display evaluations, handling quality studies, aerodynamic parameter estimation, and a "tailless" study are also discussed.The book describes how, in the aftermath of a disastrous accident with Ship #1 in 1995, Ship #2 was prepared for its outstanding participation in the Paris Air Show. The aircraft was then shipped back to Edwards AFB and put into storage until the late 1990s, when it was refurbished for participation in the U. S. Navy's VECTOR program. The book ends with a comprehensive discussion of lessons learned and includes an Appendix containing detailed information.