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Excerpt from An Introductory Course of Modern Gymnastic Exercises IN a work like the present, which professes to be exclusively practical, any lengthened inquiry into the scientific principles of Gymnastics would be out of place. It is not probable, however, that any objections will be made to a few remarks, explana tory, historical, and recommendatory. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excerpt from Modern Gymnastic Exercises, Vol. 2: Advanced The upper fibres raise the shoulder as in supporting weights; the Trapezius muscles also carry the head directly backwards when both sides act. Draws the body forwards when suspend ed by hands, and assists the abdom inal muscles and Great Pectorals in climbing, &c. When arm not fixed it draws it backwards and down wards. When the arm is raised it draws it down wards and backwards, and rotates it inwards. Draws the body forwards when the arm is fixed. Draws the shoulder-blades backwards and straightens the shoulders. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Pioneers of Modern Physical Training Denmark was the first European state to introduce physi cal training into its schools as an essential part of the course and to prepare teachers of that subject by offering sys tematic instruction in theory and method of gymnastics. The leader in this movement, and its director for forty years, was franz nachtegall (177 7 - 1847 whose whole life was passed in Copenhagen. As a student in the uni versity there he had applied himself to fencing and vaulting, and after his father's death undertook to support himself by giving instruction in gymnastics, at first in a private school. In 1799 he organized a gymnastic club composed of stu dents and young merchants, and on November 5 of the same year opened a. Private gymnasium, the first institution in modern times devoted exclusively to physical training. The venture was successful from the start. When five years later the government established a Military Institute for training non-commissioned officers to teach gymnastics in the army, its management was entrusted to Nachtegall, who received the title Professor of Gymnastics. The King also started, in 1808, a Civil Gymnastic Institute, in order to pre pare teachers for the elementary schools. A law passed in 1814 decreed that every school in Denmark Should provide grounds and apparatus for gymnastics, and that wherever the teachers were able to direct it the children should be given an hour of exercise each day, in addition to the regu lar schedule. Nachtegall was appointed Director of Gym nasties in 1821, his duties extending to the schools of the army and navy as well as to civil institutions. He pub lished, In 1828, a Manual of Gymnastics for Elementary Schools, the first book of its kind, and three years later' a Manual of Gymnastics for Use in Secondary Schools. Both were afterwards translated into German. Nachtegall resigned his position as Director of Gymnastics in 1842. Consult the American Physical Education Review for June, 1904 (vol. IX., pp. 97-99 and 107. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from A Manual of the Gymnastic Exercises: As Practised by the Junior Class in Amherst College, Amherst, Mass The need of a manual like the present is seen in the fact that three editions of a similar work have been issued at Amherst during the past few years. The recent advances made in this department, and the increased facilities of our new Pratt Gymnasium, now ready for occupancy, seem to demand a new manual, and one which shall more fully meet the practical wants of teachers and educational institutions everywhere. The object of this manual is to furnish a series of exercises, by the use of which a teacher can directly instruct a class in light gymnastics; or an ingenious person may take the leading points in these exercises, and adapt them to peculiar wants and circumstances, thus giving a greater variety and pleasure of movement. There is also given a series of simple military movements that may be made by a class or company of from twenty to a hundred, - male or female, - either in a small out-of-doors area, or in an ordinary hall. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.