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Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to crop production in all countries, and identification of nematodes and knowledge of their biology is of paramount importance. Providing a broad introduction to nematodes as plant parasites, this book begins by describing nematodes by genera, and then builds on this foundation to detail nematode biology and pest management, including resistance, and biological and chemical control. This 3rd edition is updated to address advances in our knowledge of plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly concerning the molecular aspects of host-parasite relationships, including the application of genomics to nematode biology. Changes in control and management strategies are also covered. The influence of climate change on plant-parasitic nematodes is addressed in a new chapter on ecology. Primarily aimed at students (MSc and PhD), this book is also invaluable for researchers and lecturers in nematology, plant pathology and parasitology, advisory and quarantine services, and crop protection scientists.
This book is designed for undergraduate agricultural science students, farmers and farm extension personnel to provide a comprehensive description of plant-parasitic nematodes. It is contructed with 16 different chapters comprising of: an introduction; a brief history of plant nematology; the economic importance of nematodes; general characteristics of a plant-parasitic neamtode; general morphology of nematodes; the anatomy of nematodes; the general life cycle biology of plant-parasitic nematodes; taxonomy/systematics/classification of major plant-parasitic nematodes; classification of nematodes based on feeding habits; identification keys for major plant-parasitic nematodes; damage symptoms caused by the nematodes; interaction of nematodes with other microbial pathogens; different methods of nematode control; prominent nematode resistant crop cultivars; the concept of integrated nematode management; nematode parasites of important agricultural and horticultural crops with their management practices; and fundamental nematological techniques. The introduction covers the definition of nematodes, history of nematology, the yield loss caused by nematodes, some important animal parasitic nematodes, and beneficial nematodes including nematodes used in insect control, weed control, and biological monitoring systems. The morphology and anatomy of nematodes are simply explained with detailed diagrams. The taxonomy classification structure based on evolutionary concepts are provided with major differentiation characteristics between important groups. The life cycle of different feeding groups of plant-parasitic nematodes is illustrated with simple illustrations. Identification keys and symptoms of nematode damage are described with suitable images. Overall, nematode control techniques available in literature are summerised briefly with suitable photographs wherever needed. The nematode pests, their symptoms and specific control measures for major agro-horticultural crops like rice, wheat, cotton, pulses, groundnuts, vegetables, potatos, bananas, citrus, grapevines, spices, medicinal plants and flower crops are discussed. The final chaper of this book presents some basic nematode techniques, including nematode extraction protocols, nematode fixing, and mounting techniques. Overall, this fundamental and easy-to-understand book will be particularly useful for students in the biological and agricultural sciences, agronomists, agricultural extension workers and farmers to enable them to gain more insight and equip them with knowledge to solve problems concerning nematodes.
This book gives a comprehensive account of all aspects of plant nematology and should be of profound help to the students, teachers, researchers and extension workers alike. The syllabus of ARS Net – Nematology has also been fully covered in this book. Hence, persons appearing for ARS Net – Nematology can also refer this book. The book is divided into eight sections. The first section describes the importance of nematodes in agriculture, presents a historical review, nematode as biological models, entomopathogenic nematodes, and lists the professional societies and their publications.Information on the nematological techniques is outlined in section two.The morphology of nematodes is described and presented in clear schematic drawings in section three. The taxonomic classification along with keys for identification of nematodes up to generic level is provided. In section four, the biology, physiology and ecology of nematodes are described.The host-parasite interactions and symptoms on aerial and under-ground infestation by different nematodes are described and depicted in many photographs in section five. In section six, the interrelationships between nematodes and fungi, bacteria and viruses are discussed.Management of nematode diseases by host resistance and by suppression of nematode population through regulatory, physical, cultural, chemical, biological, and integrated methods have been presented in section seven.The last section of the book discusses the most important nematode induced diseases of horticultural, plantation and spices, commercial and field crops and their management. The selected references provide convenient entry to both current and older literature. Very useful information in the form of common names of nematodes and a glossary of nematological terms are provided in Annexures. This book will give students, teachers, researchers and extension workers with an overview of the entire field of Plant Nematology.
Nematology being an established discipline covers a wide range of area ranging from basic aspect to the advanced and applied aspects involving recent advances in molecular techniques. This book discusses the following topics: the role of nematodes in our life (in agriculture, ecosystem functioning, experimental biology, ecological studies, pest management programs, or biocontrol), identification of GRSPs in nematode genomes, novel way for the diagnosis of pathogenic nematodes involving various recent molecular techniques, other methodologies for successful control of termites, evolution of plant-parasitic nematodes, viability of adult filarial nematode parasites, the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on crops, and harnessing useful rhizosphere microorganisms for nematode control. The book also encompasses on classical study, molecular study, bioinformatics in nematology, biodiversity analysis, and culturing of nematodes in laboratory condition.
This book provides an overview (chapter 1) of the general biology, ecology and economic importance of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and covers in detail the following: general morphology (chapter 2); taxonomy, identification and principal species (chapter 3); biochemical and molecular identification (chapter 4); molecular taxonomy and phylogeny (chapter 5); hatch and host location (chapter 6); invasion, feeding and development (chapter 7); reproduction, physiology and biochemistry (chapter 8); survival mechanisms (chapter 9); interactions with other pathogens (chapter 10); population dynamics and damage levels (chapter 11); sampling (chapter 12); mechanisms and genetics of resistance (chapter 13); development of resistant cultivars (chapter 14); plant biotechnology and control (chapter 15); complete sequence of the genomes of M. incognita and M. hapla (chapter 16); biological control using microbial pathogens, endophytes and antagonists (chapter 17); current and future management strategies in intensive crop production systems (chapter 18); and current and future management strategies in resource-poor farming (chapter 19).
Nematodes are one of the most abundant groups of invertebrates on the face of the earth. Their numbers are estimated to range from 1000 per cm2 in the sand-covered hydrogen sulphide ‘black zone’ beneath the ocean floors to 1.2 billion in a single hectare of soil. Estimates for their species diversity range from 100 000 to 10 million. The past history of nematodes is a mystery, since very few fossils have been discovered. This book establishes a solid base in palaeonematology with descriptions of 66 new fossil species and accounts of all previous fossil and subfossil nematodes from sedimentary deposits, coprolites, amber and mummies. It shows how nematode fossils can be used to establish lineages at various locations and time periods in the earth’s history and when nematodes entered into symbiotic and parasitic associations with plants and animals.