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The jute commodity system as prevalent in the Indian subcontinent is a conglomeration of paradoxes. Jute was once called the golden fibre on account of its contribution to means of livelihood to millions of farmers, traders, manufacturers in the unorganized sector, mill workers in the organized sector as well scores of people employed in the service sector relating to trading, manufacturing and exports of jute and jute goods. Jute industry along with textile manufacturing provided the foundation of modern manufacturing industry in India. Simultaneously, this industry was also the fountain head of the growth of private entrepreneurship and capital in India. Most of the traditional Industrial Houses in India grew out of trading and manufacturing of jute and jute goods, coal and tea. On the other hand most of the farmers involved in cultivation of natural fibres like jute are small and marginal farmers. Without alternative avenues of gainful employment elsewhere, these millions in South Asia would be deprived of a part of their livelihood. The entire commodity chain of natural fibres is characterized by low productivity, low value addition, high volumes and low returns. The advent and discovery of mineral oil helped exploit cheap HDPE and PP polyethylene sacks, which started replacing the natural fibre based packaging materials. As a result, the jute industry got wiped out from Europe, America and the Far East. Today, it is survived in the Indian subcontinent and to a lesser extent in Brazil. The unique feature of the volume is that it focuses on the first hand experience of the policy-makers and other stakeholders in the jute commodity system, who are confronted with a dilemma of reviving a declining economic subsector. At this juncture, when there is need for a Commodity Development Strategy suitable to the ethos of a commodity like the jute fibre, the present, volumes attempts to devise such a strategy thorough analysis of the system based on authentic and up-to-date information. The Book furnishes an erudite analysis and stock-taking of the jute commodity system. This analysis points out to the fact that there is a need for a holistic, systemic approach to the problems being faced by this sector focusing on the economic exploitation of the whole jute plant; holistic research for addressing productivity and processing efficiency in the entire commodity chain of jute; and creating a network of organisations for advocacy for jute and allied fibres, which would focus on repositioning the golden fibre as sustainable and eco-friendly commodity with the help of green and sustainable development advocacy groups. The Commodity Development Strategy highlights the need for greater effort for significant degree of product diversification which would entail significant consumption of the fibre or fabric in volume terms. The volume ends with an optimistic note with ideas of inclusive development under the Millennium Development Goals and Carbon Credits Sustainable Development under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change the welcome paradigm shifts in the approach to the jute sector. The effort by Sh Roul is a timely one on the eve of the observance of 2009 as International Year for Natural Fibres by the United Nations. The book is quite comprehensive with its focus on a wide range of issues pertaining to the jute agri-commodity system addressed against a historical background and from macro-economic analytical perspective. The volume offers stimulating reading for those interested in the dynamics of agricultural commodity systems like jute and allied fibres. The book is expected to help sensitise national governments, international organizations and nongovernmental organizations towards the eco-sustainability of jute as a natural fibre. The book can serve as an excellent reference book for post-graduate students in economics, jute and textiles management, development studies, regional development and agriculture and agro-marketing.
Dramatic changes in the world order since 1992 - the continuing struggle in the former Yugoslavia, the creation of the World Trade Organization, the tentative steps towards European Union - have led to major revisions of Professor Schiavone's International Organizations . New entries, including the G-7, G-24, and the International Committee of the Red Cross, have been added. On the 50th anniversary of the UN special annexes on peace-keeping agencies and major resolutions are now included. The introductory essay contains an overall view of the basic features of the law of international organizations and a survey of their historical development and outstanding problems, helping the reader to set the organizations in their proper context, be it global or sectional. The main body of the book consists of alphabetically arranged entries for over 200 organizations - from the UN to specialised agencies and regional bodies in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Each entry is broken up into sub-headings such as Purpose, Structure, Origin and Development, and Activities. Specific data concerning addresses, principal officers, main periodic publications and a short list of works of reference are provided with each entry. Ease of access to all entries is expedited by an index of acronyms and full names. Membership charts, a table of foundation dates and a classified index complete the volume.
The new edition of this established reference work provides a comprehensive and balanced guide to international institutions. Highlighting the challenges of globalization and the newly-emerging powers on the world scene, the A-Z section of approx. 250 organizations provides detailed information on their origin, purpose, activities and role.
The idea for this dictionary on economic terms originated with the reference books that we have been bringing out. The leading concern was for average students and inquisitive readers who needed to be helped into grasping the meaning of the terms used in books on economics.The dictionary covers almost all the terms that form a part and parcel of economics in simple and easily comprehensible language. In order to enhance the readers' knowledge and bring about more relevance, many examples and graphs have been used along with the definitions of the terms. The dictionary has been arranged alphabetically A-Z, including new terms that have come into regular use. A number of entries contain cross reference except where the word or phrase is self contained and complete in itself. To simplify understanding, graphs accompany the entry wherever considered necessary.'Brief Biographies' of distinguished economists have also been included. Those mentioned have made important contribution to a particular growth model. The edition also contains popular acronyms. Significant data about economic performance of major sectors of economy and bibliographic references by way of appendices have been included; a list showing the Nobel Prize winners in economics from 1969 to 2012 along with their contribution finds place in the appendices section.