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(Cont.) The experimental and numerical results strengthen the notion that the instantaneous zero skin friction point alone does not denote flow separation in unsteady flow. Rather, flow separation in unsteady flow can be better understood from a Lagrangian perspective, in which case it can be treated in a robust and coherent manner.
Our objective in this project was to derive a mathematically exact theory of unsteady fluid flow separation. We have obtained analytic formulae for the location and shape of separation profiles in terms of measurable, wall-based physical quantities. These formulae can now be used to design feedback controllers that alter, destroy, or create separation. Our main achievements are as follows: (1) We have developed a mathematical theory of unsteady three-dimensional separation for flows with a steady mean component. (2) We have developed a theory of moving unsteady separation for flows with a time-varying mean component. (3) We have developed a theory of separation for two-dimensional flows with a slip boundary ((1)-(3) above cover no-slip boundaries) (4) We also conducted experiments to prove existence of a new three-dimensional separation pattern (separation along a limit cycle of the wall shear field) first predicted by our 3D steady separation theory.
Interdisciplinary and Advanced Topics in Science and Engineering, Volume 3: Separation of Flow presents the problem of the separation of fluid flow. This book provides information covering the fields of basic physical processes, analyses, and experiments concerning flow separation. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the flow separation on the body surface as discusses in various classical examples. This text then examines the analytical and experimental results of the laminar boundary layer of steady, two-dimensional flows in the subsonic speed range. Other chapters consider the study of flow separation on the two-dimensional body, flow separation on three-dimensional body shape and particularly on bodies of revolution. This book discusses as well the analytical solutions of the unsteady flow separation. The final chapter deals with the purpose of separation flow control to raise efficiency or to enhance the performance of vehicles and fluid machineries involving various engineering applications. This book is a valuable resource for engineers.
Flow separation (the detachment of fluid from a no-slip boundary) is a major cause of performance loss in engineering devices, including diffusers, airfoils and jet engines. The systematic study of flow separation dates back to the seminal work of Prandtl in 1904. He showed that a two-dimensional steady flow separates from a no-slip boundary at points where the wall shear vanishes and admits a negative gradient. Three-dimensional flows, however, tend to separate along lines, as opposed to isolated wall-shear zeros. Despite widespread effort, no generally applicable extension of Prandtl's result has emerged for even three-dimensional steady flows. In this thesis we develop a nonlinear theory for separation and attachment of steady and unsteady three-dimensional fluid flows on no-slip curved moving boundaries. The theory provides analytic criteria for locating the separation line and approximating the shape of separation surface. Based on nonlinear dynamical systems techniques, the criteria identify separation line and separation surface by locating nonhyperbolic unstable manifolds that collect and eject fluid particles from the boundary. We verify our theory on analytic flow models, in numerical simulations of important benchmark problems and in experiments. Our theory provides a systematic tool for diagnostics, configuration design and active flow control of separation and attachment in complex three dimensional fluid flows.
This book contains the outcome of the international meeting on instability, control and noise generated by massive flow separation that was organized at the Monash Center, in Prato, Italy, September 4-6, 2013. The meeting served as the final review of the EU-FP7 Instability and Control of Massively Separated Flows Marie Curie travel grant and was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development. Fifty leading specialists from twelve countries reviewed the progress made since the 50s of the last century and discussed modern analysis techniques, advanced experimental flow diagnostics and recent developments in active flow control techniques from the incompressible to the hypersonic regime. Applications involving massive flow separation and associated instability and noise generation mechanisms of interest to the aeronautical, naval and automotive industries have been addressed from a theoretical, numerical or experimental point of view, making this book a unique source containing the state-of-the-art in separated flow instability and its control.