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This report is part of an ongoing examination of U.S. engagement in Afghanistan and the broader region. It takes a close look at the link between developing a comprehensive Central Asia strategy and U.S. initiatives to promote peace and stability in Afghanistan and the region. It is based on a field visit by the committee's majority staff to Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan in October 2011, as well as extensive staff meetings with experts and policymakers in Washington, D.C. Central Asia is critical to the outcome in Afghanistan. The Northern Distribution Network and Manas Transit Center play vital roles in supporting NATO and U.S.-led coalition operations. Going forward, the challenge for the United States is to strike a balance between its short-term, war-fighting needs and long-term interests in promoting a stable, prosperous, and democratic Central Asia. Given the U.S. strategic interests at stake, this report provides constructive and timely recommendations for the Obama administration as it works to use our resources to achieve core U.S. policy objectives.
The languages indigenous to North America are characterized by a remarkable genetic and typological diversity. Based on the premise that linguistic examples play a key role in the origin and transmission of ideas within linguistics and across disciplines, this book examines the history of approaches to these languages through the lens of some of their most prominent properties. These properties include consonant inventories and the near absence of labials in Iroquoian languages, gender in Algonquian languages, verbs for washing in the Iroquoian language Cherokee and terms for snow and related phenomena in Eskimo-Aleut languages. By tracing the interpretations of the four examples by European and American scholars, the author illustrates their role in both lay and professional contexts as a window onto unfamiliar languages and cultures, thus allowing a more holistic view of the history of language study in North America.
This book provides an authoritative survey of the several hundred languages indigenous to North America. These languages show tremendous genetic and typological diversity, and offer numerous challenges to current linguistic theory. Part I of the book provides an overview of structural features of particular interest, concentrating on those that are cross-linguistically unusual or unusually well developed. These include syllable structure, vowel and consonant harmony, tone, and sound symbolism; polysynthesis, the nature of roots and affixes, incorporation, and morpheme order; case; grammatical distinctions of number, gender, shape, control, location, means, manner, time, empathy, and evidence; and distinctions between nouns and verbs, predicates and arguments, and simple and complex sentences; and special speech styles. Part II catalogues the languages by family, listing the location of each language, its genetic affiliation, number of speakers, major published literature, and structural highlights. Finally, there is a catalogue of languages that have evolved in contact situations.
Reproduction of the original: Charles Sumner; his complete works, volume 1 by Lee and Shepard
Reprint of the original, first published in 1856.