Download Free An Energy Saving Approach For Real Time Highway Traffic Estimation Using Gps Enabled Smartphones Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online An Energy Saving Approach For Real Time Highway Traffic Estimation Using Gps Enabled Smartphones and write the review.

This paper presents a microscopic traffic estimation algorithm for smartphones by employing their built-in probes such as GPS and acceleration sensors to increase the accuracy of real-time traffic condition estimation without significantly increasing the smartphones' energy consumption. In this approach, real-time traffic data is collected through the smartphones of participating users traveling on urban roads. A new reporting algorithm is provided on the clients' side to minimize the amount of time the smartphone maintains connection to the server. Based on the data received from each individual smartphone, real-time traffic conditions and the level of service (LOS) are estimated on the server side by applying the Kalman Filtering algorithm and link aggregating speed algorithm. An iOS application is developed to work as a sample client side smartphone node. Simulations of three different traffic scenario are also created to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm requires less energy usage than existing methods without sacrificing the accuracy of real-time traffic estimations.
This dissertation is motivated by the practical problem of highway traffic estimation using velocity measurements from GPS enabled mobile devices such as cell phones. In order to simplify the estimation procedure, a velocity model for highway traffic is constructed, which results in a dynamical system in which the observation operator is linear. It presents a new scalar hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) model for traffic velocity evolution on highways, based on the seminal Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) PDE for density. Equivalence of the solution of the new velocity PDE and the solution of the LWR PDE is shown for quadratic flux functions. Because this equivalence does not hold for general flux functions, a discretized model of velocity evolution based on the Godunov scheme applied to the LWR PDE is proposed. Using an explicit instantiation of the weak boundary conditions of the PDE, the discrete velocity evolution model is generalized to a network, thus making the model applicable to arbitrary highway networks. The resulting velocity model is a nonlinear and nondifferentiable discrete time dynamical system with a linear observation operator, for which a Monte Carlo based ensemble Kalman filtering data assimilation algorithm is applied. The model and estimation technique is evaluated with experimental data obtained from a large-scale field experiment known as Mobile Century. The velocity estimates using GPS data from cellphones is compared to velocity estimates using inductive loop detector data from the PeMS system. More than 900 estimation simulations are performed using various volumes of GPS data and inductive loop detector data collected during the experiment, which show travel times can be reconstructed to less than 10% error with sufficient GPS data, loop data, or a combination of both. All data collected during the field experiment and used in the simulations are available for download at http://traffic.berkeley.edu.
In conjunction with GPS-enabled smart-phones, the method of Floating Car Data (FCD), a part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), offers faster and cheaper procedure to gather and display real-time traffic data. However, this type of phone at its current state is only able to provide data at low accuracy; thus, additional procedures are required to improve the data accuracy. In this research, an FCD-based monitoring system with virtual trip line (VTL) is designed and implemented, and some formulas are used in the proposed algorithm to minimize the data error. The developed system and algorithms are empirically evaluated using data collected by a probe vehicle traveling on Jakarta Inner Ring Road in Jakarta, Indonesia. As the results, the real-time traffic monitoring system is developed which is able to display the traffic data in less than 15 s for 90% of the cases. In addition, the research also establishes the optimal length of the VTL and the optimal weighted moving average filter to correct the geo-location and velocity errors.
A complete and practical guide to WCDMA/UMTS cellular network deployment. After introducing the network architecture of such a system, the WCDMA (UMTS) Deployment Handbook defines the coverage and capacity concepts associated with the dimensioning and design phases. Progressing to a discussion of the main system parameters associated with network optimization and detailing optimization techniques for the main services supported by UMTS, and includes the specifics of indoor deployment and HSDPA networks evolution. Covers all stages from planning to optimization with sufficient details as required on a day-to-day basis, and thorough reference information for the reader who wants to understand the concepts in more detail Relevant for daily tasks: The approach taken in this book is similar to the work flow of network planner and optimization engineers, allowing such personnel to easily find the relevant information Written by the company which made CDMA a household name: QUALCOMM was the first company to use CDMA technology for cellular application and is a technical leader in this domain Based on industry feedback: All the contributors to this book have been working in direct interaction with WCDMA operators, throughout the world, since the early days of WCDMA commercial deployment Looking to the future: This book addresses the next level of challenge that WCDMA operators will face - deployment of indoor systems and HSDPA Providing a complete introduction and reference guide to everything associated with the life cycle of a WCDMA/UMTS cellular network, from initial dimensioning through to the successful deployment of indoor solutions, or migration to HSDPA, this book is a must-have for network planners and optimization engineers as well as Telecommunication Engineering students.
Cars of the Future : Seventeenth report of session 2003-04, Vol. 2: Oral and written Evidence
Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.
The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial sustainability to fund new investments in infrastructure while also funding maintenance and operation of existing facilities and services. However, many cities in developing countries are stuck in an "underfunding trap" for urban transport, in which large up-front investments are needed for new transport infrastructure that will improve the still small-scale, and perhaps, poor-quality systems, but revenue is insufficient to cover maintenance and operation expenses, let alone new investment projects. The urban transport financing gap in these cities is further widened by the implicit subsidies for the use of private cars, which represent a minority of trips but contribute huge costs in terms of congestion, sprawl, accidents, and pollution. Using an analytical framework based on the concept of "Who Benefits Pays," 24 types of financing instruments are assessed in terms of their social, economic and environmental impacts and their ability to fund urban transport capital investments, operational expenses, and maintenance. Urban transport financing needs to be based on an appropriate mix of complementary financing instruments. In particular for capital investments, a combination of grants †“from multiple levels of government†“ and loans together with investments through public private partnerships could finance large projects that benefit society. Moreover, the property tax emerges as a key financing instrument for capital, operation, and maintenance expenses. By choosing the most appropriate mix of financing instruments and focusing on wise investments, cities can design comprehensive financing for all types of urban transport projects, using multi-level innovative revenue sources that promote efficient pricing schemes, increase overall revenue, strengthen sustainable transport, and cover capital investments, operation, and maintenance for all parts of a public transport system, "from the sidewalk to the subway."