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Two sample changers are described that were designed for liquid scintillation counting of alpha-emitting samples prepared using solvent-extraction chemistry. One operates manually but changes samples without exposing the photomultiplier tube to light, allowing the high voltage to remain on for improved stability. The other is capable of automatically counting up to 39 samples. An electronic control for the automatic sample changer is also described.
This is the first book covering an interdisciplinary field between microwave spectroscopy of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) and chronology science, radiation dosimetry and ESR (EPR) imaging in material sciences. The main object is to determine the elapsed time with ESR from forensic medicine to the age and radiation dose in earth and space science. This book is written primarily for earth scientists as well as for archaeologists and for physicists and chemists interested in new applications of the method. This book can serve as an undergraduate and graduate school textbook on applications of ESR to geological and archaeological dating, radiation dosimetry and microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Introduction to ESR and chronology science and principle of ESR dating and dosimetry are described with applications to actual problems according to materials.
Commencing with Volume 21, the aim of this series is to produce a larger number of, relatively short but, timely and authoritative reviews. These will concentrate, in particular, on areas of NMR where recent progress, and developments, are of special interest and will reflect the many NMR developments occurring in the primary scientific literature. The present volume demonstrates the advances which can be made by the application of NMR techniques in many diverse areas of chemistry. Of particular significance is the account of Graphics-Aided NMR which will become an inprotant development in the use of NMR spectroscopy.