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This report is a sedimentation study, forming part of an assessment of environmental impacts associated with in-lake disposal of dredge spoil on Lake Superior. This assessment was requested by the St. Paul District Office of the US Corps of Engineers and funded under contract number DACW37-74-C-0013 to the University of Wisconsin-Madison in August, 1973. Field and laboratory studies focused on two locations where a substantial amount of dredging is done annually: Duluth-Superior and the Keweenaw Waterway.
This project was funded by the Corps of Engineers to study effects of in-lake dredge spoil disposal on toxicity and availability of heavy metals to the biota of Lake Superior. Attention was focused on the benthic organisms in direct contact with the sediment. In the laboratory sublethal bioassays were used to examine effects of mercury and zinc contaminated sediments on the burrowing scud, Pontoporeia affinis. This amphipod is the predominant benthic invertebrate in Lake Superior and a major food base for Lake Superior fishes. Changes were observed in locomotor activity of Pontoporeia as a measure of their health on sediments with and without added mercury and zinc, and whole body concentrations of these metals were measured in Pontoporeia after exposure to the enriched sediments for periods of two days to two weeks. The benthic communities near Duluth-Superior were surveyed and maps showing distribution and abundance of organisms were prepared. Samples were collected for background levels of various elements in sediments, invertebrates, and fish in Lake Superior. Shorebird populations were surveyed at Duluth-Superior and the Keweenaw Peninsula. The authors also worked with scientists at Michigan Technological University to obtain similar information for the Corps of Engineers at the Keweenaw Waterway and adjacent Lake Superior.
This report is an assessment of environmental impacts associated with in-lake disposal of dredged material in Lake Superior. This assessment was requested by the St. Paul District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Authorization for such environmental assessment studies is contained in the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190). Environmental impact statements (EIS) have been prepared by the Corps of Engineers of Lake Superior harbors requiring maintenance at a level which may have a significant effect on the environment. Lake Superior harbors maintained by the Corps of Engineers are shown. Statements for a few of these harbors (Keweenaw Waterway, Grand Traverse Bay, Big Bay Harbor, Cornucopia and Port Wing) included some data from lake sediment samples. But none of the EIS contained enough information to assess the effects of in-lake dredged material disposal.