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This unique anthology brings together readings from the works of the most significant post-Leninist Marxist thinkers. The selections reflect the diversity and high intellectual accomplishment of twentieth-century Marxism and show how these theorists have transformed traditional Marxism's general philosophical orientation, interpretation of historical materialism, models of socialist political practice, and conception of human liberation. The writings reveal the evolution of a sophisticated and democratic Marxism with a theoretical emphasis on class consciousness and subjectivity, a resistance to all forms of domination--including sexism--and a belief in the political power of consciousness-raising. The selections include the work of forerunners Karl Korsch, George Lukács, and Antonio Gramsci; figures from the 1930s, including Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, and Wilhelm Reich; post-war and New Left thinkers Jean-Paul Sartre, Andre Gorz, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas; and contemporary socialist-feminists Sheila Rowbotham, Juliet Mitchell, Barbara Ehrenreich, Heidi Hartmann, and Ann Ferguson. Gottlieb places the readings in historical and theoretical context, providing a clear and insightful account of the intellectual problems and historical events that gave rise to the Western Marxism, and describing how it both anticipated and influenced contemporary radical movements. Each selection is prefaced by a biographical sketch and the book concludes with a bibliography suggesting further research.
"...[I]n the autumn of 1926, on the pretext of an alleged attempt on his life, Mussolini decided to make an end of even the semblance of bourgeois democracy that still survived. All remaining opposition organisations and their publications were banned, and a new, massive series of arrests was launched throughout the country. Among those arrested was Antonio Gramsci. Gramsci was a member of parliament -- but the régime was no longer interested in niceties about parliamentary immunity. He had also, since August 1924, been the general secretary of the Communist Party -- though of course under such political conditions the identity of party officials was kept secret. He was 35 years old. At his trial in 1928, the official prosecutor ended he peroration with the famous demand to the judge: "We must stop this brain working for twenty years!" But, although Gramsci was to be dead long before those twenty years were up, released, his health broken, only in time to die under guard in a clinic rather than in prison, yet for as long as his physique held otu his jailers did not succeed in stopping his brain from working. The product of those years of slow death in prison were the 2,848 pages of handwritten notes which he left to be smuggled out of the clinic and out of Italy after his death, and of which this volume is a selection." -- Pages xvii-xviii of Introduction.
Antonio Gramsci is widely celebrated as the most original political thinker in Western Marxism. Among the most central aspects of his enduring intellectual legacy is the concept of subalternity. Developed in the work of scholars such as Gayatri Spivak and Ranajit Guha, subalternity has been extraordinarily influential across fields of inquiry stretching from cultural studies, literary theory, and postcolonial criticism to anthropology, sociology, criminology, and disability studies. Almost every author whose work touches upon subalterns alludes to Gramsci’s formulation of the concept. Yet Gramsci’s original writings on the topic have not yet appeared in full in English. Among his prison notebooks, Gramsci devoted a single notebook to the theme of subaltern social groups. Notebook 25, which he entitled “On the Margins of History (History of Subaltern Social Groups),” contains a series of observations on subaltern groups from ancient Rome and medieval communes to the period after the Italian Risorgimento, in addition to discussions of the state, intellectuals, the methodological criteria of historical analysis, and reflections on utopias and philosophical novels. This volume presents the first complete translation of Gramsci’s notes on the topic. In addition to a comprehensive translation of Notebook 25 along with Gramsci’s first draft and related notes on subaltern groups, it includes a critical apparatus that clarifies Gramsci’s history, culture, and sources and contextualizes these ideas against his earlier writings and letters. Subaltern Social Groups is an indispensable account of the development of one of the crucial concepts in twentieth-century thought.
Back in print with a comprehensive new introduction by the author, Lenin, Hegel, and Western Marxism is the classic account of Lenin's extensive writings on Hegel in relationship to his theorization of imperialism, the state, and revolution.
An international team of contributors explore contemporary insights into the work of Georg Lukacs in political theory, aesthetics, ethics and social and cultural theory.
First published in 1976. Ideology plays an important role in many fields of human activity and has therefore been dealt with directly and indirectly in a vast number of studies, but a generally accepted definition of the term is lacking even in the various branches of social and political science. This book - the first since Mannheim to elaborate a comprehensive theory of ideology - seeks to offer a generally applicable definition, a task which of necessity involves taking issue with the logical and political implications of the conceptions in current use and which touches on central problems of politics and political science. Professor Seliger's theory is based on an approach and conceptualizations which will appeal both to ’traditionalists’ and 'behaviourists' since he gives due weight to both kinds of literature. Indeed, this book reflects throughout a detachment and independence of thought which are refreshing and opens up the way for both theorists and practising politicians to re-examine ideological tenets in the light of actual and feasible policy orientations and embark upon ideological reconstruction.
Explore the intricate world of "Western Marxism" in the "Political Science" series. This book delves into the evolution and impact of critical theories in Western societies, providing deep insights into contemporary political thought and social movements. Whether you're a professional, student, or curious reader, "Western Marxism" elevates your understanding of complex ideas. 1: Western Marxism - Introduces the origins and key principles distinguishing Western Marxism from its Eastern counterpart. 2: Louis Althusser - Analyzes Althusser's contributions, focusing on structuralism and ideology. 3: Critique of Dialectical Reason - Examines Sartre's work on dialectics and historical materialism in Western discourse. 4: Karl Korsch - Investigates Korsch's revisionist theories and their influence on Western thought. 5: Praxis - Explores praxis as a crucial element in Western Marxist thought, linking theory and practice. 6: Raya Dunayevskaya - Surveys Dunayevskaya's contributions to Marxist humanism and reinterpretations of Marx. 7: Marxist aesthetics - Examines Marxism's influence on Western artistic movements and cultural criticism. 8: 20th-century French philosophy - Traces Marxism's impact on French philosophers like Foucault and Derrida. 9: Marxist schools of thought - Maps out diverse interpretations within Western Marxism. 10: For Marx - Revisits Althusser's work and its implications for understanding Marx. 11: Philosophy in the Soviet Union - Analyzes Marxist philosophy's evolution in the Soviet context. 12: Main Currents of Marxism - Traverses key intellectual currents within Western Marxism. 13: Marxist humanism - Explores the humanist dimensions of Western Marxist thought. 14: Young Marx - Examines Marx's early writings and their influence on Western Marxism. 15: Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 - Analyzes Marx's early explorations of alienation and labor. 16: Marxist philosophy - Synthesizes diverse strands of Western Marxist philosophy. 17: György Lukács - Investigates Lukács's contributions to Western Marxism, focusing on reification and class consciousness. 18: Orthodox Marxism - Examines orthodox Marxism's foundational tenets and their adaptations in Western thought. 19: Dialectical materialism - Explores dialectical materialism in Western Marxism, contrasting historical interpretations. 20: History and Class Consciousness - Revisits Lukács's work on ideology, consciousness, and revolutionary praxis. 21: Outline of Marxism - Provides an overview of key Marxist principles in Western contexts. "Western Marxism" offers essential insights and validations across critical theories, making it a must-have for any library or curriculum. This intellectual journey is key to understanding contemporary political and social dynamics.
If the Soviet Union did not have a socialist society, then how should its nature be understood? The present book presents the first comprehensive appraisal of the debates on this problem, which was so central to twentieth-century Marxism.
Discusses varieties of Marxism, distinguishing between ideas that remain valid, those that are contestable, and those that should be discarded. Emphasises connections between theoretical debates real political struggles.
A Selection of Writings on Dialectical Materialism by Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Plekhanov, and Luxemburg, and Alan Woods. Edited by John Peterson with an Introduction by Alan Woods. On the bicentennial of his birth, Karl Marx’s ideas are more relevant than ever. While he is perhaps best known for his writings on economics and history, anyone who wishes to have a fully rounded understanding of his method must strive to master dialectical materialism, which itself resulted from an assiduous study and critique of Hegel. Dialectical materialism is the logic of motion, development, and change. By embracing contradiction instead of trying to write it out of reality, dialectics allows Marxists to approach processes as they really are, not as we would like them to be. In this way we can understand and explain the essential class interests at stake in our fight against capitalist exploitation and oppression. At every decisive turning point in history, scientific socialists must go back to basics. Marxist theory represents the synthesized experience, historical memory, and guide to action of the working class. The Revolutionary Philosophy of Marxism aims to arm the new generation of revolutionary socialists with these essential ideas.