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The Maoist-inspired Communist Party of the Philippines celebrated its 37th anniversary on December 2005. It marks a long history of violence, terror, and instability in the archipelagic country of 87 million people, causing thousands of casualties among government troops, insurgents, and including civilians. This study seeks to find a lasting solution that will finally bring to a close the final chapter to insurgency in the country. It was approached from a historical point of view by studying the events that lead to the birth of the movement in 1932 until its defeat in 1954. A new chapter of the Maoist insurgency started in 1969 and this movement emerged into a formidable guerrilla force that became the primary threat to the nation’s security. This paper tries to analyze how that insurgency persisted to challenge the government this far and what went wrong with the government’s response. It will attempt to answer the primary question: How to defeat the communist insurgency?
The Maoist-inspired Communist Party of the Philippines celebrated its 37th anniversary on December 2005. It marks a long history of violence, terror, and instability in the archipelagic country of 87 million people, causing thousands of casualties among government troops, insurgents, and including civilians. This study seeks to find a lasting solution that will finally bring to a close the final chapter to insurgency in the country. It was approached from a historical point of view by studying the events that lead to the birth of the movement in 1932 until its defeat in 1954. A new chapter of the Maoist insurgency started in 1969 and this movement emerged into a formidable guerrilla force that became the primary threat to the nation's security. This paper tries to analyze how that insurgency persisted to challenge the government this far and what went wrong with the government's response. It will attempt to answer the primary question: How to defeat the communist insurgency?
The Philippine communist revolutionary movement is a historical relic, the exception rather than the rule. While much of Asia has opted for capitalism over communism, the idea of a workers2 paradise persists within the Philippines2 rural heartlands and on university campuses alike. Established over 37 years ago at the height of Mao2s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the Communist Party of the Philippines continues its armed quest for state power. Regarded as the longest-running communist insurgency in Asia, the conflict between the Philippine government and the communist insurgents has claimed the lives of an estimated 40,000+. This thesis will examine aspects of the Philippine government, the Communist Party of the Philippines, and its armed wing, the New People2s Army in an attempt to explain why the Philippine communist insurgency remains a serious threat to the government and has not significantly declined in light of a long history of democratic rule in the Philippines. Analysis of the Philippine communist insurgency will contribute to our overall understanding of why this particular communist insurgency has survived where others failed and may provide some insight to help the Philippine government identify and construct a counterinsurgency strategy to successfully eliminate the Maoist threat.
The intent of this paper is to identify the center of gravity of the New People's Army insurgency in the Philippines. In order to accomplish this task an indepth review of the origins and major characteristics of communist revolutionary warfare was first under taken so that these characteristics could then be applied to the particular situation in the Philippines. The NPA insurgency was then analyzed using the four main components of revolutionary war-Party, Military Arm, Population, and Secure Base Areas. The purpose of the analysis was to determined the main element upon which the whole force of the movement rests. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for national policy makers were offered. The perspective of this paper is strategic and operational vice tactical and strictly unclassified sources were used throughout in order to not get bogged down in tactical details. Accordingly, this paper does not attempt to recommend specific counter-insurgency strategies nor review NPA tactical strategy except when appropriate to the strategic and operational perspective.