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Bicycling and walking can play an increasingly significant role in a balanced intermodal transportation system. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) recognizes the transportation value of bicycling and walking, and offers mechanisms to increase consideration of bicyclists' and pedestrians' needs within the National Intermodal Transportation System. This brochure summarizes these bicycle and pedestrian provisions under the ISTEA. The contents are organized as follows: Funding Sources - National Highway System (NHS) Funds, Surface Transportation Program (STP) Funds, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program Funds, Federal Lands Highway Funds, Scenic Byways Program Funds, and National Recreational Trails Fund; Planning Requirements; Additional Provisions - State Bicycle and Pedestrian Coordinators, Bridges, Section 402 Funding, and Federal Transit Funding; Federal/State Matching Requirements; and How the Federal-Aid Program Works.
The purpose of this report is to recommend a plan of action for achieving the Study goals of doubling the percentage of bicycling and walking trips, while decreasing by 10 percent the number of crash-related injuries and deaths. The action plans presented are comprehensive in scope, covering activities directed at increasing public awareness of the benefits of nonmotorized transportation, improving facilities to make bicycling and walking more viable and attractive transportation options, providing needed educational and law enforcement support, and "institutionalizing" bicycling and walking into the nation's transportation system.
The fiscal year 1991 U.S. DOT Appropriations Act directed the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a National Bicycling and Walking Study. The five objectives of the study as specified in the Act were to: (1) Determine the current levels of bicycling and walking and identify reasons they are not better used as means of transportation; (2) Develop a plan for the increased use and enhanced safety of these modes and identify the resources necessary to implement and achieve this plan; (3) Determine the full costs and benefits of promoting bicycling and walking in urban and suburban areas; (4) Review and evaluate the success of promotion programs around the world to determine their applicability to the role required of the U.S. DOT to implement a successful program; and (5) Develop an action plan, including timetable and budget, for implementation of such Federal transportation policy. The purpose of this Interim Report is to document progress in addressing these five objectives. In dealing with each objective, this report summarizes available information, discusses what additional information is required, and outlines the approach to be used in collecting it.
In 2005, the latest federal transportation bill, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) introduced a new pilot program for funding bicycle and pedestrian projects. This new program, the Nonmotorized Transportation Pilot Program (NTPP) is meant to "demonstrate the extent to which bicycling and walking can carry a significant part of the transportation load." As part of the bill, an evaluation of the NTPP within the pilot grantee organizations is being conducted. This study complements the NTPP-area evaluation and examines what impact, if any, the NTPP has had on bicycle and pedestrian planning at the regional or Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) level. The analysis focuses on the use of federal money to fund bicycle/pedestrian projects within the four pilot communities' MPOs. Our primary interest is in assessing whether NTPP funding is treated as a bonus/supplement or whether it is being used to replace usual sources of bike/ped funding, specifically Transportation Enhancements (TEs), Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) and Surface Transportation Program (STP). In addition, the study documents any changes in bike/ped planning processes at the MPO level that have occurred in response to the NTPP. Overall, we find that the NTPP has had a positive impact on both the number of and amount spent on bike/ped projects. At the MPO level, NTPP funds appear to serve as a bonus; however, within the NTPP areas alone, NTPP funds may be replacing other funds, particularly TE.