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The book is divided in 4 parts. In the first one, the importance of the analysis of the cardiac dynamics using the ambulatory monitoring technique is presented. The second part contains the description of foundations of impedance cardiography (ICG), the models used to describe the ICG technique and the description of available systems for ambulatory monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics. The third part is devoted to the validation of the ambulatory ICG method, the verification of the quality of long term ICG recordings and the discussion of the limitations of this technique. In the last part, some clinical and research applications of the ICG ambulatory monitoring are presented. The simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG) and ICG in the transient cardiac arrhythmia events illustrate the potential applications of that method for quantitative analysis of hemodynamics when the implementation of the stationary methods would be either difficult or not possible to do. The book is followed by references, alphabetical index and appendices containing the technical data of the available systems for portable monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics.
Impedance cardiography is an important tool in determining a person’s hemodynamic properties. The makers obtained through thoracic impedance have been shown to be of great importance when monitoring critical care patients. Technological developments have made this process noninvasive and ambulatory, opening up new possibilities for potential use. A study was conducted by remotely monitoring healthy subjects (n=5), who performed an 8-minute mild-to-moderate aerobic exercise protocol, followed up by a four minute cognitive stress test. Testing was conducted onsite at Kennedy Space Center in association with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using the MW1000A (MindWare Technologies LTD, Gahanna, OH) ambulatory impedance cardiography monitoring (ICG) device.
An accurate ambulatory monitoring device which detects hemodynamic values outside of the laboratory setting could help researchers and practitioners alike. The ability to monitor changes occurring in a subject during activities of daily living (ADL), could lead to the detection and treatment of many undiagnosed patients. Non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic variables have gone through many changes since its inception in 1966, when Kubicek et al developed the first impedance cardiograph for NASA. Since then changes have been made to the formula which detects hemodynamic changes, however, the impedance cardiograph is still considered the gold standard for non-invasive monitoring. The current study assessed the accuracy of an ambulatory monitoring device, the Vivometric LifeShirt, compared to the current gold standard impedance cardiograph (Cardiodynamics, Bio-Z), during pre and post rest conditions. The LifeShirt had a very strong correlation to the Bio-Z in detecting heart rate and has the potential to be used outside of a laboratory setting. However, due to stroke volume and cardiac output being recorded on different scales, no correlation was found between the two devices. Future research should examine how a higher subject number may influence the results and potentially produce an individual regression equation in order to predict actual values from the LifeShirt values.
In the past decade noninvasive, nontraumatic methods of monitoring parameters of physiological function have been investigated with increasing interest. Of the various parameters of cardiac function, only blood pressure and the electrical activity of the myocardium have tradionally been accessible noninvasively, and only the latter in a continuous fashion. Several invasive methods exist for measurement of myocardial contractility, cardiac output, the degree of heart failure, etc., and a few for watching some of these factors noninvasively, but not, in general, non- invasively, conveniently, comfortably, and continuously. Monitoring the changing thoracic electrical impedance is a technique which satisfies all these criteria. Some of the theory of biological impedance change is discussed, and some of the drawbacks are pointed out. A survey of the literature of the last decade is presented, illustrating the fact that many investigators have consistently obtained good correlation with 'standard' invasive techniques of measurement, while others have had variable results. Some of the unexplored areas in this field are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
This book (vol. 2) presents the proceedings of the IUPESM World Congress on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, a triennially organized joint meeting of medical physicists, biomedical engineers and adjoining health care professionals. Besides the purely scientific and technological topics, the 2018 Congress will also focus on other aspects of professional involvement in health care, such as education and training, accreditation and certification, health technology assessment and patient safety. The IUPESM meeting is an important forum for medical physicists and biomedical engineers in medicine and healthcare learn and share knowledge, and discuss the latest research outcomes and technological advancements as well as new ideas in both medical physics and biomedical engineering field.
This volume presents the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam which was held from June 27-29, 2018 in Ho Chi Minh City. The volume reflects the progress of Biomedical Engineering and discusses problems and solutions. It aims to identify new challenges, and shaping future directions for research in biomedical engineering fields including medical instrumentation, bioinformatics, biomechanics, medical imaging, drug delivery therapy, regenerative medicine and entrepreneurship in medical devices.