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For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
This book presents the fundamentals needed to understand the physical and chemical properties of alternative fuels, and how they impact refueling system design and the modification of existing garages for safety. It covers a wide range of fuels including alcohols, gases, and vegetable oils. Chapters cover: Alternative Fuels and Their Origins Properties and Specifications Materials Compatibility Storage and Dispensing Refueling Facility Installation and Garage Facility Modifications and more
An overview of alternative fuel vehicles. Includes chapters on: regulations and requirements in the U.S. and California; electric vehicles; ethanol-powered/flexible fuel vehicles; methanol-powered/flexible fuel vehicles; natural gas -powered vehicles; propane/LPG-powered vehicles; heavy-duty vehicles and engines; other alternative and clean fuels; locations of alternative fuel facilities; and the future of alternative fuel research. Glossary and bibliography. Tables, contact lists and maps.
Exploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops.
Designed to work with both differentiated levels of Think Green, these 24-page guides were developed in consultation with several state educational standards and contain multiple components. Three lesson plans are included. These lesson plans are divided into sections; vocabulary, preview, reading the text, discussing the meaning, word work, extending the meaning, and critiquing. The teacher's guide also includes 11 worksheets (2 vocabulary, 1 writing, 1 index, 2 review, and 5 activity sheets)
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,6, EBS European Business School gGmbH, language: English, abstract: When discussing the future of the automotive industry, there is probably just one thing politicians, corporations, and customers agree on: That there is a need to develop and establish alternative fuel vehicles (APV) in the future. There are multiple reasons to reject the conventional, petroleum-based fuels. While nobody can surely say when peak oil is reached, we cannot rely on oil forever. This and the dangerous dependency on a few oil-exporting rogue states, coerce us to look for alternatives for fuelling cars and other vehicles. The motivation for consumers to buy an alternative fuel vehicle can be economic (e. g. rising petrol prices) or ideological (e. g. energy sustainability , pollution reduction, climate change ) (Byrne & Polonsky, 2012, p. 1535). This literature review will outline present findings regarding which alternative fuels possess the most potential and which factors drive consumer adoption of AFVs in general.
The report discusses the successes and failures of alternative-fuel vehicle programs and how those lessons might be applied to the developing hydrogen-fueled transportation system.