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Alkali Cation Transport Systems in Prokaryotes is the first book that brings together the physiological, structural, and molecular biological aspects of the transport of sodium, potassium, and ammonium across the bacterial cell membrane. Sodium translocation plays a major role in energy coupling of some prokaryotes, and much of the book is devoted to new and exciting developments in this field. Over 30 experts have contributed to this excellent reference for microbiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, chemotherapists, and researchers interested in bioenergetics.
In recent years it has become evident that transport processes across membranes play a crucial role in many metabolic systems. The activities of these transport processes often determine the physiology of the organisms.This book presents a state of the art review on the analysis of a wide variety of transport systems from bacteria and eukaryotic cells. A selection has been made of those systems that have been studied at the molecular level with special emphasis paid to the energetic and other biophysical properties. The different classes of transport systems are presented in the following: primary transport, secondary transport, phosphotransferase systems, channels and porines and macromolecular transport. Within each class of transporters several systems are presented by the leading experts in the field, which has resulted in a very broad overview of transport processes in biological cells. In this way the differences in the mechanisms used for translocation become evident while on the other hand features common to the different transport systems are revealed.
This multi-volume set within International Review of Cytology encompasses the recent advances in the understanding of structure-function relationships at the molecular level of receptors, transporters, and membrane proteins. Several diverse families of membrane receptors/proteins are discussed with respect to the molecular and cellular biology of their synthesis, assembly, turnover, and function. Included are such receptor superfamilies as G-proteins, immunoglobulins, ligand-gated receptors, interleukins, and tyrosine kinases as well as such transporter/protein families as pumps, ion channels, and bacterial transporters. Each section of each volume features a "perspectives/commentary" chapter which includes comments on the recent advances and predictions on new directions. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, this volume, 137C, highlights recent developments in pumps, channels, and transporters. - The latest on several important protein families, including: - The G-protein-coupled receptors - The interleukin receptors - Sugar transporters - Several ion channels and pumps
Clostridia is one of the largest bacterial genera with an enormous potential for biotechnical and medical applications. Despite growing scientific, medical, and industrial interest, information on basic methods, biochemical fundamentals, clinical practice, industrial applications, and novel developments remains scattered in a variety of research ar
International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology-both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.
Salt is an essential requirement of life. Already from ancient times (e. g. , see the books of the Bible) its importance in human life has been known. For example, salt symbolizes destruction (as in Sodom and Gomorra), but on the other hand it has been an ingredient of every sacrifice during the Holy Temple periods. Microbial life in concentrated salt solutions has fascinated scientists since its discovery. Recently there have been several international meetings and books devoted entirely to halophiles. This book includes the proceedings of the “Halophiles 2004” conference held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in September 2004 (www. u- lj. si/~bfbhaloph/index. html). This meeting was attended by 120 participants from 25 countries. The editors have selected presentations given at the meeting for this volume, and have also invited a number of contributions from experts who had not been present in Ljubljana. This book complements “Halophilic Microorganisms”, edited by A. Ventosa and published by Springer-Verlag (2004), “Halophilic Microorganism and their Environments” by A. Oren (2002), published by Kluwer Academic Publishers as volume 5 of “Cellular Origins, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology” (COLE), and “Microbiology and Biogeochemistry of Hypersaline Environments” edited by A. Oren, and published by CRC Press, Boca Raton (1999). Salt-loving (halophilic) microorganisms grow in salt solutions above seawater salinity (~3. 5% salt) up to saturation ranges (i. e. , around 35% salt). High concentrations of salt occur in natural environments (e. g.
Water is recognized as being a critically important determinant of the properties of many foods. It is therefore appropriate to devote a meeting to the topic. The first such meeting was organized by the late Ron Duckworth, and held in 1974 at the University of Strathclyde in Scotland. As a result of this first meeting, the organization known as International Symposium on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW) was born, and since that first ISOPOW meeting there have been five international meetings. At each meeting, participants from academia and from industry have shared state of the science information pertinent to the role of water in foods. Each meeting has served as a review of the current state of knowledge. ISOPOW 6 is the first of these meetings where Ron Duckworth's presence has not been felt, though he clearly attended the meeting in spirit. A lively group of academics and industrial scientists assembled in Santa Rosa, California, to discuss the current state of the science. As meeting chairperson, I must acknowledge the tremendous contributions made by the organizing committee, by the session chairpersons and by the central committee. Without all their help, nothing could have been achieved. Most important to the success of the meeting, however, was the very active participation of all attendees. In all seven sessions, the papers were excellent and their discussion was very spirited.
The Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium of the Bari Meetings provides a comprehensive and timely record of the biochemical aspects of biomembrane transport. The vast field of biomembrane transport has made great strides towards the understanding of its mechanisms by the molecular approach. This book collects papers by young members of the biochemical community, concentrating on this specific aspect of biomembrane transport and comprising the most recent results in the area. More transport systems are being defined in terms of their catalysts, pumping systems and carriers. Further, the description of transport has advanced to describe its regulation, control and mechanisms by which energy drives transport. Transport systems in a variety of membranes such as cell membranes, mitochondria and bacteria are discussed. Thus, this volume describes major achievements and new openings of interest to scientists from a variety of fields involving biological transport.
The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
For centuries man has treated food to prolong its edible life, and nowadays both traditional and modern preservatives are used widely to ensure the satisfactory maintenance of quality and safety of foods. There continues to be increased public concern about the use of food additives, including preservatives, resulting from a perception that some of them may have deleterious effects on health. However, as eating habits have changed with an emphasis on what has been popularly termed a `healthy diet', there is at the same time a concern that reduction in preservative usage could lead to loss of safety and protection from food poisoning. While some preservatives are coming under increasing regulatory pressure others, particularly more natural ones, are receiving increased attention and gaining in importance and acceptability. This book supports the continued safe and effective use of preservatives within these current constraints. It therefore gives detailed information on the practical use of the major antimicrobial preservatives. Uniquely, it couples this with current understanding of their modes of action, at the levels of cellular physiology and biochemistry, in such a way as to provide a sound scientific basis for their efficacy. Such an approach also encourages the future logical development and use of preservatives.