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There has been revived interest in recent years in the study of special functions. Many of the latest advances in the field were inspired by the works of R. A. Askey and colleagues on basic hypergeometric series and I. G. Macdonald on orthogonal polynomials related to root systems. Significant progress was made by the use of algebraic techniques involving quantum groups, Hecke algebras, and combinatorial methods. The CRM organized a workshop for key researchers in the field to present an overview of current trends. This volume consists of the contributions to that workshop. Topics include basic hypergeometric functions, algebraic and representation-theoretic methods, combinatorics of symmetric functions, root systems, and the connections with integrable systems.
There has been revived interest in recent years in the study of special functions. Many of the latest advances in the field were inspired by the works of R. A. Askey and colleagues on basic hypergeometric series and I. G. Macdonald on orthogonal polynomials related to root systems. Significant progress was made by the use of algebraic techniques involving quantum groups, Hecke algebras, and combinatorial methods. The CRM organized a workshop for key researchers in the field to present an overview of current trends. This volume consists of the contributions to that workshop. Topics include basic hypergeometric functions, algebraic and representation-theoretic methods, combinatorics of symmetric functions, root systems, and the connections with integrable systems.
It was with the publication of Norbert Wiener's book ''The Fourier In tegral and Certain of Its Applications" [165] in 1933 by Cambridge Univer sity Press that the mathematical community came to realize that there is an alternative approach to the study of c1assical Fourier Analysis, namely, through the theory of c1assical orthogonal polynomials. Little would he know at that time that this little idea of his would help usher in a new and exiting branch of c1assical analysis called q-Fourier Analysis. Attempts at finding q-analogs of Fourier and other related transforms were made by other authors, but it took the mathematical insight and instincts of none other then Richard Askey, the grand master of Special Functions and Orthogonal Polynomials, to see the natural connection between orthogonal polynomials and a systematic theory of q-Fourier Analysis. The paper that he wrote in 1993 with N. M. Atakishiyev and S. K Suslov, entitled "An Analog of the Fourier Transform for a q-Harmonic Oscillator" [13], was probably the first significant publication in this area. The Poisson k~rnel for the contin uous q-Hermite polynomials plays a role of the q-exponential function for the analog of the Fourier integral under considerationj see also [14] for an extension of the q-Fourier transform to the general case of Askey-Wilson polynomials. (Another important ingredient of the q-Fourier Analysis, that deserves thorough investigation, is the theory of q-Fourier series.
The subject of $q$-series can be said to begin with Euler and his pentagonal number theorem. In fact, $q$-series are sometimes called Eulerian series. Contributions were made by Gauss, Jacobi, and Cauchy, but the first attempt at a systematic development, especially from the point of view of studying series with the products in the summands, was made by E. Heine in 1847. In the latter part of the nineteenth and in the early part of the twentieth centuries, two Englishmathematicians, L. J. Rogers and F. H. Jackson, made fundamental contributions. In 1940, G. H. Hardy described what we now call Ramanujan's famous $ 1\psi 1$ summation theorem as ``a remarkable formula with many parameters.'' This is now one of the fundamental theorems of the subject. Despite humble beginnings,the subject of $q$-series has flourished in the past three decades, particularly with its applications to combinatorics, number theory, and physics. During the year 2000, the University of Illinois embraced The Millennial Year in Number Theory. One of the events that year was the conference $q$-Series with Applications to Combinatorics, Number Theory, and Physics. This event gathered mathematicians from the world over to lecture and discuss their research. This volume presents nineteen of thepapers presented at the conference. The excellent lectures that are included chart pathways into the future and survey the numerous applications of $q$-series to combinatorics, number theory, and physics.
This book, dedicated to the memory of Gian-Carlo Rota, is the result of a collaborative effort by his friends, students and admirers. Rota was one of the great thinkers of our times, innovator in both mathematics and phenomenology. I feel moved, yet touched by a sense of sadness, in presenting this volume of work, despite the fear that I may be unworthy of the task that befalls me. Rota, both the scientist and the man, was marked by a generosity that knew no bounds. His ideas opened wide the horizons of fields of research, permitting an astonishing number of students from all over the globe to become enthusiastically involved. The contagious energy with which he demonstrated his tremendous mental capacity always proved fresh and inspiring. Beyond his renown as gifted scientist, what was particularly striking in Gian-Carlo Rota was his ability to appreciate the diverse intellectual capacities of those before him and to adapt his communications accordingly. This human sense, complemented by his acute appreciation of the importance of the individual, acted as a catalyst in bringing forth the very best in each one of his students. Whosoever was fortunate enough to enjoy Gian-Carlo Rota's longstanding friendship was most enriched by the experience, both mathematically and philosophically, and had occasion to appreciate son cote de bon vivant. The book opens with a heartfelt piece by Henry Crapo in which he meticulously pieces together what Gian-Carlo Rota's untimely demise has bequeathed to science.
This series on the International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications has established a tradition within the mathematical community. It brings together scientists from many different areas of research to highlight current interests, challenges and unsolved problems. This volume comprises selected papers presented at the Fifth International Conference on Difference Equations, held at Temuco, Chile. Experts from around the globe examine many facets of difference equations, including extended hyperbolic difference equations, oscillation criteria, invertability, one- and two-dimensional perturbed maps and much more. It provides a valuable source of reference for graduates and researchers.
This book gives an introduction to the very active field of combinatorics of affine Schubert calculus, explains the current state of the art, and states the current open problems. Affine Schubert calculus lies at the crossroads of combinatorics, geometry, and representation theory. Its modern development is motivated by two seemingly unrelated directions. One is the introduction of k-Schur functions in the study of Macdonald polynomial positivity, a mostly combinatorial branch of symmetric function theory. The other direction is the study of the Schubert bases of the (co)homology of the affine Grassmannian, an algebro-topological formulation of a problem in enumerative geometry. This is the first introductory text on this subject. It contains many examples in Sage, a free open source general purpose mathematical software system, to entice the reader to investigate the open problems. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers, who want to become familiar with this fascinating new field.
The subject of symmetric functions began with the work of Jacobi, Schur, Weyl, Young and others on the Schur polynomials. In the 1950's and 60's, far-reaching generalizations of Schur polynomials were obtained by Hall and Littlewood (independently) and, in a different direction, by Jack. In the 1980's, Macdonald unified these developments by introducing a family of polynomials associated with arbitrary root systems. The last twenty years have witnessed considerable progress in this area, revealing new and profound connections with representation theory, algebraic geometry, combinatorics, special functions, classical analysis and mathematical physics. All these fields and more are represented in this volume, which contains the proceedings of a conference on Jack, Hall-Littlewood and Macdonald polynomials held at ICMS, Edinburgh, during September 23-26, 2003. of historical material, including brief biographies of Hall, Littlewood, Jack and Macdonald; the original papers of Littlewood and Jack; notes on Hall's work by Macdonald; and a recently discovered unpublished manuscript by Jack (annotated by Macdonald). The book will be invaluable to students and researchers who wish to learn about this beautiful and exciting subject.
The NATO ASI/CRM Summer School at Banff offered a unique, full, and in-depth account of the topic, ranging from introductory courses by leading experts to discussions of the latest developments by all participants. The papers have been organized into three categories: cohomological methods; Chow groups and motives; and arithmetic methods.As a subfield of algebraic geometry, the theory of algebraic cycles has gone through various interactions with algebraic K-theory, Hodge theory, arithmetic algebraic geometry, number theory, and topology. These interactions have led to developments such as a description of Chow groups in terms of algebraic K-theory, the application of the Merkurjev-Suslin theorem to the arithmetic Abel-Jacobi mapping, progress on the celebrated conjectures of Hodge, and of Tate, which compute cycles classgroups respectively in terms of Hodge theory or as the invariants of a Galois group action on étale cohomology, the conjectures of Bloch and Beilinson, which explain the zero or pole of the $L$-function of a variety and interpret the leading non-zero coefficient of its Taylor expansion at a criticalpoint, in terms of arithmetic and geometric invariant of the variety and its cycle class groups.The immense recent progress in the theory of algebraic cycles is based on its many interactions with several other areas of mathematics. This conference was the first to focus on both arithmetic and geometric aspects of algebraic cycles. It brought together leading experts to speak from their various points of view. A unique opportunity was created to explore and view the depth and the breadth of the subject. This volume presents the intriguing results.
This book contains seventeen contributions made to George Andrews on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, ranging from classical number theory (the theory of partitions) to classical and algebraic combinatorics. Most of the papers were read at the 42nd session of the Sminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire that took place at Maratea, Basilicata, in August 1998. This volume contains a long memoir on Ramanujan's Unpublished Manuscript and the Tau functions studied with a contemporary eye, together with several papers dealing with the theory of partitions. There is also a description of a maple package to deal with general q-calculus. More subjects on algebraic combinatorics are developed, especially the theory of Kostka polynomials, the ice square model, the combinatorial theory of classical numbers, a new approach to determinant calculus.