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“Estoy de acuerdo con los puntos planteados y con la visión de Ayuk sobre el papel fundamental que desempeñará la OPEP para ayudar a las productores de petróleo africanos a lograr una voz muy merecida en la industria petrolera” —Secretario General de la OPEP, H.E. Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo Dos décadas de negociación de transacciones de petróleo y gas han dado a NJ Ayuk un entendimiento del panorama energético en el continente que muy pocos pueden igualar. Educado en Estados Unidos, el abogado Africano en materia energética brinda dosis generosas de ese conocimiento en su segundo libro Billones en Juego: El Futuro de la Energía Africana y de Cómo Hacer Negocios. Sirviendo como guía para que el continente haga un mejor uso de sus vastos recursos energéticos a efecto de mejorar las vidas de las personas, Ayuk aborda como los países Africanos pueden utilizar sus industrias energéticas como trampolines para diversificar y crecer sus economías. Asimismo, Ayuk muestra como los gobiernos africanos y las compañías locales pueden negociar mejores tratos con compañías energéticas internacionales, y como los países del continente pueden utilizar campos marginales de petróleo y gas para desarrollar sus industrias energéticas domésticas, las cuales, una vez fortalecidas, podrán competir globalmente. Planteamientos y respuestas: Porque los incipientes recursos de gas natural de África pueden ayudar al continente a emerger como un jugador global clave en la industria Que cambios pueden hacer los países Africanos a efecto de convertirse en destinos atractivos de inversión El rol que el acceso a electricidad confiable, sustentable y asequible puede tener en la aceleración del crecimiento económico Como y porque las compañías energéticas Americanas deberían de dejar de limitar sus inversiones en África Y porque la industria energética en el continente requiere más mujeres. El tema subyacente del libro es que, en demasiadas ocasiones, los recursos naturales crean riqueza para inversionistas extranjeros y un selecto grupo de elites Africanas, mientras que el resto de la gente (y, en consecuencia, las economías Africanas) no obtienen ningún beneficio. Si bien es fácil percibir que existe una falta de participación local en proyectos en África, así como un constante reto para obtener las inversiones necesarias, es importante entender nuestro rol en esto. Debemos comprender la importancia de crear ambientes propicios con términos fiscales atractivos para inversionistas locales y extranjeros, el rol de políticas de contenido local más solidas a efecto de asegurar participación local en el sector, y el peso que el gobierno y la inestabilidad política tienen en el desarrollo de los proyectos. “Depende de los Africanos arreglar África,” escribe Ayuk. Este enunciado puede considerarse como un tema vivo en el libro, ya que promueve que compañías locales y gobiernos celebren convenios de colaboración en lugar de compromisos pasivos con compañías energéticas internacionales y los grandes jugadores del sector. “[Necesitamos] inversionistas que muestren interés en participar completamente con nosotros, entrando al mercado y construyendo negocios sustentables y rentables de largo plazo, creando empleos y desarrollo adicional.” Si estas listo para sumergirte a profundidad y acceder a un franco análisis y examen del panorama energético en África y como los Africanos pueden comenzar a arreglar África, adéntrate a las páginas de Billones en Juego. ENGLISH VERSION “I agree with the points made—and with Ayuk’s case for the critical role that OPEC will play in helping African oil products achieve a much-deserved voice in the petroleum industry.” —OPEC Secretary-General, H.E. Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo Two decades of negotiating African oil and gas deals have given NJ Ayuk a grasp of the continent's energy landscape that few can match. The American-educated, African energy lawyer serves up generous doses of that insight in his second book, Billions at Play: The Future of Africa Energy and Doing Deals. Serving as a road map for the continent to do a better job of using its vast energy resources to improve its peoples' lives, Ayuk addresses how African countries can use their energy industries as springboards for diversifying and growing their overall economies. In addition, Ayuk shows how African governments and local companies can negotiate better deals with international energy companies and how the continent's countries can use marginal oil and gas fields to develop domestic energy industries that, once strong, will compete globally. Questions posed and answered: Why Africa's fledgling natural gas resources can allow the continent to emerge as a key global player in the industry What changes African countries can make in order to become attractive investment destinations The role that access to reliable, sustainable, and affordable power can play in the acceleration of economic growth Why and how American energy companies should stop curtailing their investments in Africa And why the continent’s energy industry needs more women The book’s underlying theme is that too often, natural resources create wealth for foreign investors and a select group of African elites while everyday people (and in turn, African economies) fail to benefit. While it is easy to see that there is a lack of local participation in African projects and an ongoing challenge in securing necessary investment, we also need to understand our role in this. We have to understand the importance of creating enabling environments with attractive fiscal terms for local and foreign investors, the role of stronger local content policies in ensuring more local participation in the sector, and the weight government and political uncertainty carries in moving projects forward. “It’s up to Africans to fix Africa,” writes Ayuk. This statement can be considered a living theme throughout the book as he encourages that local companies and governments have to enter into collaborative agreements rather than passive engagements with IOCs and majors. “[We need] investors who show that they want to fully participate with us, by coming in and building long-term sustainable businesses that last and make a profit, create jobs and further development.” If you’re ready to dive headfirst into accessing a frank analysis and examination of the African energy landscape and how Africans can begin to fix Africa, jump into the pages of Billions at Play.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.
The popular education and adult literacy movements in Chile have historically represented competing paths toward a literate society: one born and nurtured through bitter nineteenth-century labor struggles, the other a compensatory effort by the modern state to limit the political potential of literacy. Robert Austin's book explores the contest between the state and popular education in three paradigmatic Latin American regimes: that of Eduardo Frei Montalva (Christian Democrat, 1964-70), Salvador Allende (Socialist, 1970-73) and Augusto Pinochet (Dictator, 1973-90). Robert Austin's engaging narrative captures the relationship between the Chilean state, formal and non-formal literacy, and popular education, from the demise of liberal capitalism to the consolidation of neoliberalism. This remarkable investigation of the dynamic link between the historical process, literacy, and pedagogy celebrates popular education's victory in securing the inclusion, and subsequent empowerment, of women and ethnic minorities. The State, Literacy, and Popular Education in Chile, 1964-1990 will be of great interest to political scientists, cultural historians, and scholars of education.
This publication contains the results of the conference "South-South Policy Dialogue on Quality Education for Adults and Young People" that took place in Mexico City in 2005. Articles were written by participants who presented their national programmes from the governmental perspective, which were reflected in the literacy policies, but there were also important contributions on basic education and competence recognition. Accent was put on the experiences of four countries that were considered as locomotives of development in the field: Brazil, India, South Africa and Mexico. Nevertheless, dialogue was also enriched by information provided by other African, Asian and Latin American countries: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, Guatemala, Nicaragua and the Arab States as a whole. This publication contains the following papers: (1) Adult Learning: Situation, Trends and Prospects (Chris Chinien); (2) Brazil's National Programme for Adult and Youth Education (Ricardo Henriques and Timothy Ireland); (3) India's National Adult Education Programme (Satish Loomba and A. Mathew); (4) Mexico's National Adult Education Programme (Luz-Maria Castro-Mussot and Maria Luisa de Anda); (5) South Africa's National Adult Education Programme (Morongwa Ramarumo and Vernon Jacobs); (6) Adult Literacy and Learning in Bangladesh: The UNESCO and NGO Experience (Ahmadullah Mia and Wolfgang Vollmann); (7) Thailand's National Programme of Adult and Youth Education (Roong Aroon and Wilaipan Somtrakool); (8) A System of Quality Education for Adults and Youth in China (Yuquan Qiao); (9) Adult and Youth Education in Nicaragua (Nydia Veronica Gurdian and Elizabeth Navarro); (10) Challenges for the Construction of a Policy for Quality Adult and Youth Education in Guatemala (Ilda Moran de Garcia and Otto Rivera); (11) Namibia's Adult Literacy and Learning Programme (Beans Uazembua Ngatjizeko); (12) Mozambique's Literacy and Adult Education Programmes: A Sub-sector Strategy (Ernesto Muianga); (13) Educating Adults and Youth in Tanzania: Complementary Basic Education (COBET) and Integrated Community-Based Adult Education (ICBAE) (Basilina Levira and Valentino Gange); (14) The Context of Literacy Development and Adult Education in Angola (Juao Romeu and Luisa Grilo); and (15) Adult Education in the Arab Region (Seham Najem, Aicha Barki and Nour Dajani-Shehabi). Also included are: (1) Index of Persons; (2) Index of Subjects; and (3) Index of Subjects by Country. Individual papers contain figures, tables, footnotes and references. [This paper was created with the Mexican National Institute for Adult Education (INEA).].
Are women fighting over the same issues and for the same rights all around the world? What are the gains that have been made for women in different cultures over the past 200 years? Students will find answers to these and similar questions in this unique resource of fifteen case studies exploring the problems surrounding the fight for women's rights in different countries, ranging from Argentina to Zimbabwe. The history, the public perceptions, contemporary problems, the future of women's rights, and the roles of activists concerning these rights are examined. The detailed explorations provide readers with the opportunity to discover the different cultural attitudes toward women. In order to facilitate comparisons, each chapter follows a similar outcome. The countries were chosen to represent every region of the world and to provide as broad a picture as possible of the issues presented by women's struggles for equality. Each case study asks how national, cultural, class, racial, and religious differences have influenced women's rights. These different views of ways in which women have sought their rights around the world will help students to understand the fight for women's rights in a broad sense as a social issue that affects all of humanity.
El libro propone pensar el espacio y la esferas públicos como categorías transdisciplinarias para comprender las transformaciones profundas acaecidas en la región en las sociedades postautoritarias de América Latina.
This book presents an exhaustive and in-depth exposition of the various numerical methods used in scientific and engineering computations. It emphasises the practical aspects of numerical computation and discusses various techniques in sufficient detail to enable their implementation in solving a wide range of problems.