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Actor-Network Theory (ANT), originally a social theory, seeks to organize objects and non-human entities into social networks. Its most innovative claim approaches these networks outside the anthropocentric view, including both humans and non-human objects as active participants in a social context; because of this, the theory has applications in a myriad of domains, not merely in the social sciences. Applying the Actor-Network Theory in Media Studies applies this novel approach to media studies. This publication responds to the current trends in international media studies by presenting ANT as the new theoretical paradigm through which meaningful discussion and analysis of the media, its production, and its social and cultural effects. Featuring both case studies and theoretical and methodical meditations, this timely publication thoroughly considers the possibilities of these disparate, yet divergent fields. This book is intended for use by researchers, students, sociologists, and media analysts concerned with contemporary media studies.
In a globalized world, one of the most prominent developments in technology has been the advancement of non-human entities. The applications of these entities in media as well as other fields of science have been looked upon as irrelevant for understanding human agency. Analytical Frameworks, Applications, and Impacts of ICT and Actor-Network Theory provides innovative insights into human and non-human roles (e.g., physical objects, technology, animals, or even beliefs, scientific facts, or discourses) and their influence on this theory and to each other. The content within this publication represents the work of consumer culture, technology, and the arts. It is designed for researchers, students, and professionals as it covers topics centered on a multidisciplinary reading of actor-network theory for a variety of fields.
A media theory of markets Markets abound in media—but a media theory of markets is still emerging. Anthropology offers media archaeologies of markets, and the sociology of markets and finance unravels how contemporary financial markets have witnessed a media technological arms race. Building on such work, this volume brings together key thinkers of economic studies with German media theory, describes the central role of the media specificity of markets in new detail and inflects them in three distinct ways. Nik-Khah and Mirowski show how the denigration of human cognition and the concomitant faith in computation prevalent in contemporary market-design practices rely on neoliberal conceptions of information in markets. Schröter confronts the asymmetries and abstractions that characterize money as a medium and explores the absence of money in media. Beverungen situates these inflections and gathers further elements for a politically and historically attuned media theory of markets concerned with contemporary phenomena such as high-frequency trading and cryptocurrencies.
Social theory needs to be completely rethought in a world of digital media and social media platforms driven by data processes. Fifty years after Berger and Luckmann published their classic text The Social Construction of Reality, two leading sociologists of media, Nick Couldry and Andreas Hepp, revisit the question of how social theory can understand the processes through which an everyday world is constructed in and through media. Drawing on Schütz, Elias and many other social and media theorists, they ask: what are the implications of digital medias profound involvement in those processes? Is the result a social world that is stable and liveable, or one that is increasingly unstable and unliveable?
A media history of the material and infrastructural features of networking practices, a German classic translated for the first time into English. Nets hold, connect, and catch. They ensnare, bind, and entangle. Our social networks owe their name to a conceivably strange and ambivalent object. But how did the net get into the network? And how can it reasonably represent the connectedness of people, things, institutions, signs, infrastructures, and even nature? The Connectivity of Things by Sebastian Giessmann, the first media history that addresses the overwhelming diversity of networks, attempts to answer all these questions and more. Reconstructing the decisive moments in which networking turned into a veritable cultural technique, Giessmann takes readers below the street to the Parisian sewers and to the Suez Canal, into the telephone exchanges of Northeast America, and on to the London Underground. His brilliant history explains why social networks were discovered late, how the rapid rise of mathematical network theory was able to take place, how improbable the invention of the internet was, and even what diagrams and conspiracy theories have to do with it all. A primer on networking as a cultural technique, this translated German classic explains everything one ever could wish to know about networks.
Der Begriff der Agency – nur unbefriedigend als 'Handlungsmacht', 'Handlungspotenzial' oder 'Handlungsinitiative' ins Deutsche übersetzbar – ist in verschiedensten wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen unverzichtbar, um Prozesse gegenseitiger Einflussnahme, die Reichweite oder den Ausschluss von Handlungsspielräumen oder Verantwortung für konkrete Vorgänge zu bestimmen. In der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft hat er lange Zeit keine systematische Rolle gespielt. Erst in Reaktion auf Perspektiven der seit den 1990er-Jahren boomenden Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) und daran anschließenden Entwürfen der Medienwissenschaft wurden vergleichbare Konzepte von medial verteilter Handlungsmacht entwickelt. Gegenüber solchen eher theoriegeleiteten Studien nehmen die Autor*innen des vorliegenden Bandes verschiedene exemplarische Medienkonfigurationen in den Blick und versuchen das Erklärungspotenzial von 'Agency' als medienwissenschaftlicher Schlüsselkategorie aus der Perspektive ihres jeweiligen Forschungsfeldes genauer zu bestimmen. Unter den Bedingungen der 'Postdigitalität' – der Annahme, dass kaum noch 'nicht-digitale' Medienbereiche auszumachen sind und der Begriff der 'Digitalisierung' deshalb gewissermaßen bedeutungslos geworden ist – lassen sich gegenüber früheren Zugängen insbesondere zwei medienwissenschaftliche Facetten von Agency neu diskutieren: Zum einen, inwiefern neben menschlichen Akteuren auch neu entstandenen nicht-menschlichen Entitäten ein solches Handlungspotenzial zuzurechnen ist. Zum anderen wären im postdigitalen Raum auch die relativen Handlungs(un)fähigkeiten von individuellen, kollektiven und institutionellen Akteur*innen neu zu bestimmen, wo Handlungsketten oder Kommunikationsmuster zunehmend durch den verfügbaren oder beschränkten Zugang zu Ressourcen sowie den Affordanzen von digitalen Medienkonfigurationen gekennzeichnet sind. Agency postdigital bringt diese beiden Aspekte zusammen und zeichnet eine Karte der veränderten Verteilung und Manifestation von Handlungsmacht in der postdigitalen Welt entlang exemplarischer medienwissenschaftlicher Forschungsfelder.
This volume addresses controversies connected to the testing of the capacities and potentials of mediums. Today we commonly associate the term "medium" with the technical communication between transmitters and receivers. Yet this term likewise applies to those who cooperate with agencies that exceed the presumed domain of the material world. Insofar as one presumes a division between distinctly opposed categories of religion and the secular, technical media tend to be associated with the secular and human (trance) mediums tend to be associated with religion after 1900. This volume concerns the ways in which the term medium still marks an overlapping of – and thus problematizes – the aforementioned division between religion and the secular, the personal and the technological. The term medium carries with it a seed of doubt that is itself inseparable from investment in the medium's power: insofar as they communicate with an "other" realm, mediums offer the hope and promise of new possibilities and improved efficiency, and thus of a better life; yet they have simultaneously been under suspicion of altering (or even inventing) the messages they communicate. It is due to this combination of promise and suspicion that "mediumism" has tended to evoke scientific, religious, and moral controversies. Thus, we can speak of a "mediumistic trial" – that is, a process in which a medium is put to the test concerning its potentials and trustworthiness. Around 1800, experts were asked if a modern secular institution would be capable of inspiring, domesticating or excluding trance mediumship. This question has stayed with us ever since, and the answers have remained inconclusive. That is why the past and present of mediumship may be asked to elucidate each other.
This volume presents the preliminary results of the work carried out by the interdisciplinary cultural techniques research lab at the University of Erfurt. Taking up an impulse from media studies, its contributions examine —from a variety of disciplinary perspectives—the interplay between the formative processes of knowledge and action outlined within the conceptual framework of cultural techniques. Case studies in the fields of history, literary (and media) studies, and the history of science reconstruct seemingly fundamental demarcations such as nature and culture, the human and the nonhuman, and materiality and the symbolical order as the result of concrete practices and operations. These studies reveal that particularly basic operations of spatialization form the very conditions that determine emergence within any cultural order. Ranging from manual and philological "paper work" to practices of opening up and closing off spaces and collective techniques of assembly, these case studies replace the grand narratives of cultural history focusing on micrological examinations of specific constellations between human and nonhuman actors.
This collection offers a comprehensive treatment of emoticons, kaomoji, and emoji, examining these digital pictograms and ideograms from a range of perspectives to comprehend their increasing role in the transformation of communication in the digital age. Featuring a detailed introduction and eleven contributions from an interdisciplinary group of scholars, the volume begins by outlining the history and development of the field, situating emoticons, kaomoji, and emoji – expressing a variety of moods and emotional states, facial expressions, as well as all kinds of everyday objects– as both a topic of global relevance but also within multimodal, semiotic, picture theoretical, cultural and linguistic research. The book shows how the interplay of these systems with text can alter and shape the meaning and content of messaging and examines how this manifests itself through different lenses, including the communicative, socio-political, aesthetic, and cross-cultural. Making the case for further study on emoticons, kaomoji, and emoji and their impact on digital communication, this book is key reading for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, media studies, Japanese studies, and language and communication.
This open access book examines the complex relationship between education, media and power. Exploring the entanglement of education media and power structures, the contributions use various examples and case studies to demonstrate how subjectivation processes and digital structures interact with one another. The book asks which modes of subjectivation can be identified with current media cultures, how subjects deal with the challenges and potential of digitality, and how coping and empowerment strategies are developed. By addressing theoretical as well as empirical evidence, the chapters illuminate these connections and the subsequent significance for media education more widely.