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"Purpose and Scope - This manual is published for the information and guidance of the civilian Ground Observers in the Air Defense System. It provides a complete description of their duties and responsibilities. Contents - The first part of this manual explains the operation of the Air Defense System and specifies the reporting procedures to be followed by Ground Observers. The second part of this manual includes the illustrations and other data required for aircraft identification."--Page i.
This manual is primarily a ready reference to assist the ground observer in aircraft recognition and identification. It provides information on current operational aircraft of the United States and foreign countries, which may be observed worldwide in the combat area. It can be used as source material for personnel conducting unit training in visual aircraft recognition. The procedures in this publication apply throughout the US Army. The data is based on the best information available at the time of publication; however, it is not all-inclusive because of some classification guidelines. This publication, by nature, has a built-in time lag, and some aircraft may still be under development or classified at the time of writing, but may be fielded or unclassified at, or after, publication.
This manual is primarily a ready reference to assist the ground observer in aircraft recognition and identification. It provides information on current operational aircraft of the United States and foreign countries, which may be observed worldwide in the combat area. It can be used as source material for personnel conducting unit training in visual aircraft recognition.
Several printed prototype programs for training visual aircraft recognition were developed and compared experimentally. One program produced and average score of 95% on a printed recognition test (the next closest group test had more than twice as many errors). The program also tended to take the least time to administer (about 15 minutes per aircraft). The training was in three phases: Study of Multi-Image Cards (each showing several views of one aircraft, listing distinctive features); Study of Paired Comparison cards (each showing two or three aircraft that are likely to be confused; Study of Flash Cards (each showing one view of one aircraft--10 different cards for each aircraft). After each phase, tests with printed imagery were administered. The program should be feasible and effective for routine training. (Author).