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Covering war strategy, tactics, effects-based operations (EBO), AETF, and air expeditionary wing (AEW), this publication, AFDD 2, Operations and Organization, is the companion to AFDD 1 and provides the next level of granularity. It describes how the US Air Force organizes and employs air and space power at the operational level across the range of military operations. The concepts discussed in this publication-the role and responsibilities of the senior warfighting Airman; the basics behind our expeditionary organizational model; the fundamentals of joint and Service command arrangements; how we plan operations; and the means by which we place the collective capabilities of air and space power into the hands of a single Airman-are the foundations for all our operations. We are in the middle of a long, shadowy war that will be punctuated by episodes of full-up, conventional operations. Many different types of operations will occur simultaneously; tempo and objectives may shift rapidly. We will be challenged to adapt well-practiced tactics and to think in new ways to solve unforeseen challenges. As the war evolves, so must we. Some aspects of warfighting, however, will remain constant. Our doctrine captures these enduring aspects. Our success in meeting the challenges of this rapidly changing world depends on our understanding and applying our doctrine. Doctrine describes not only how we would command and employ air and space forces today, but is also the point of departure to guide us in meeting the challenges of tomorrow. Air and space power is a critical element in protecting our Nation and deterring aggression. It will only remain so if we, as professional Airmen, study, evaluate, and debate our capabilities and the environment of the future. Just as technology, world threats, and opportunities change, so must our doctrine. Each of you must be articulate, knowledgeable, and unapologetic advocates of our doctrine. We must understand what it means to be an Airman and be able to articulate what air and space power can bring to the joint fight. I encourage you to read our doctrine, discuss it, and practice it. Contents: Chapter One - An Introduction To Air And Space Operations * Chapter Two - Operations * Chapter Three - Commanding Us Air Force Forces * Chapter Four - Organizing Us Air Force Forces * Chapter Five - The Air And Space Component Within The Joint Force * Chapter Six - Planning For Operations * Chapter Seven - Air And Space Operations Centers * Chapter Eight - The Affor Staff
The US Air Force provides unique warfighting capabilities that are essential to joint operations. Foremost among these capabilities is the ability to rapidly focus American combat power and life-saving resources anywhere on the planet. Frequently, and especially in the opening stages of a conflict, air and space power may be the main manifestation of combat power we bring to bear against an adversary. Of these capabilities, the Air Force provides a very singular form of power: the ability to rapidly position and sustain forces at places and times of our choosing. This pivotal capability—air mobility—is the essential ingredient for modern US expeditionary operations and supports joint force commander-desired effects to deter, dissuade, or destroy the enemy. Force projection provides for presence, mass and maneuver, surprise, security and economy. It is the sum of an impressive fleet of transport and aerial refueling aircraft, underpinned by a flexible support system, and operated by a specialized cadre of active duty Air Force, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, and Air Force civilian personnel. While other forms of American military power have some degree of inherent mobility, the scale of flexibility and responsiveness of the Air Force's air mobility forces is singular in the history of world conflict. This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 3-17, Air Mobility Operations, has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. This document establishes doctrinal guidance for the application of the air mobility forces and is consistent with, and complementary to, capstone doctrine contained in AFDD 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, and AFDD 2, Operations and Organization. AFDD 3-17 serves as the keystone doctrine document for employing airlift, air refueling, and air mobility support elements as an integrated system of operations.
This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 10-13, Air and Space Doctrine. AFDD 3-1 Air Warfare establishes operational doctrine for air warfare. It provides initial guidance for conducting air operations as part of aerospace warfare. Specifically, this document contains beliefs and principles that guide the organization, command and control, employment, and support of air forces conducting wartime operations. It examines relationships among objectives, forces, environments, and actions that enhance the ability of air operations to contribute to achieving assigned objectives. It focuses on the sequencing of events and the application of forces and resources to ensure aerospace power makes useful contributions to military and national objectives. It examines the importance of command relationships, intelligence, space, logistics, and other factors to the planning and conduct of air warfare.
This document is the Air Force's premier statement of warfighting principles and beliefs, updated in late 2011. It is the senior doctrine publication from which all other Air Force doctrine flows. Historically, airpower has been associated with its more familiar and visible aspects, such as air-to-air combat, strategic bombing, and long-range heavy airlift. However, airpower has many less visible but equally important missions across the range of military operations: providing close air support and tactical mobility to our ground forces; positioning and resupplying remote forces; obtaining and providing detailed and timely intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; providing humanitarian relief; projecting world-wide command and control; and training of coalition partners in the use of airpower, just to name a few. Also, while many parts of the Air Force are visibly engaged in overseas expeditionary operations, other aspects of the Air Force are quietly at work day-to-day, overwatching the homeland. These include nuclear forces on alert; ground- and space-based national warning systems; cyberspace forces monitoring the security of military networks; and fighters on call to defend sovereign airspace. Much has transpired in the world since the previous edition of AFDD 1 was published in 2003. Irregular warfare and homeland defense have taken on more importance; the Air Force has recognized cyberspace as an operational domain and has renewed its commitment to nuclear operations; and we are now investing heavily in unmanned aircraft systems. Seven years ago, we could not have accurately foreseen these changes; looking forward, the future is equally unpredictable. While we cannot accurately predict where and how we'll next be engaged, doctrine provides a leg up, outlining the basics of organization and command, providing guidance on how to think about and plan for different types of operations and missions. These foundational basics allow us to respond more quickly, freeing commanders and planners to think about larger issues such as strategy, operational art, and objectives. Contents: Chapter One - Doctrine * Chapter Two - Airpower * Chapter Three - War * Chapter Four - Principles And Tenets * Chapter Five - Air Force Functions * Chapter Six - Commanding And Organizing Air Force Forces * Chapter Seven - The Air Force Component Within The Joint Force
This document has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (CSAF). It establishes doctrinal guidance for organizing and employing aerospace forces at the operational level of conflict across the full range of military operations. It is the capstone of US Air Force operational level doctrine publications. Together, these publications collectively form the basis from which air commanders plan and execute their assigned aerospace missions and their actions as a component of a joint Service or multinational force. This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) applies to all active duty, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, and civilian Air Force personnel. The doctrine in this document is authoritative but not directive. Therefore, commanders need to consider not only the contents of this AFDD, but also the particular situation when accomplishing their missions. SCOPE Air Force assets (people, weapons, and support systems) can be used across the range of military operations at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. This AFDD discusses the fundamentals of organization and employment of Air Force air, space, and information capabilities to accomplish the missions assigned by commanders in chief (CINCs). More speciflc guidance on Air Force operations may be found in subordinate operational and tactical level doctrine documents.
Much has changed in the overall operational environment in the past few years. The character of contemporary conflict has driven a significant shift in the US approach to warfighting. The large-scale, complex, force-on-force scenarios that drove much of Cold War planning, and were executed in Operation DESERT STORM and the opening stage of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM are now viewed almost as the exception, replaced by the careful, precise, and relatively measured pace of irregular warfare against nontraditional enemies. Adversary capabilities may range from long-range, precision-guided attacks to explosive vests worn by suicide bombers. The threat of mass destruction from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons will likely expand from stable nation-states to less stable states and even non-state networks. These changes have significant, long-term implications for the planning and conduct of US operations: The need for current, precise, and detailed analysis requires a continuing expansion in the scale of information collection and processing; networks are as important as a single bullet or bomb. Sensors, shooters, and fusion centers are routinely interconnected worldwide to achieve a unified battle rhythm, and Threats against the US homeland will increase. The United States can expect future opponents to launch both terrorist and unconventional attacks on the territory of the United States. Civil, military, and industrial cyber networks have already seen an upswing in probes, intrusions, exploitations, and attacks. The proliferation of commercially available technology will allow adversaries to develop niche capabilities that will threaten, in varying degrees, the successful conduct of operations in areas where US forces were previously unchallenged. Space and cyber networks are increasingly vulnerable to a wide array of new threats. Adversary anti-access capabilities will continue to improve, challenging US ability to project power and influence. Countering these capabilities is vital to assure freedom of action in, through, and from air, space, and cyberspace. Air Force Doctrine Document 3-12, Cyberspace Operations, is the Air Force's foundational doctrine publication for Air Force operations in, through, and from the cyberspace domain. This document means to provide insight for Airmen to follow. This document speaks to Air Force support of maintaining Cyberspace Superiority, a common military function. Chapter 1, Cyberspace Fundamentals, establishes the fundamental nature and context of Air Force cyberspace operations in this newly defined operational environment. This chapter defines fundamental terms and concepts for cyberspace operations. Discussions in this chapter include the strategic environment, general strategic policy, missions, military challenges, the Airman's perspective, relationship to other doctrine, principles of war, tenets of airpower, and cross-domain integration. Chapter 2, Command and Organization, describes the command, control, and organization of cyberspace forces. It depicts operational-level policy, command relationships, and commander roles and responsibilities. It discusses how global and theater cyberspace operations will be conducted through integrated command, control, and organization of military capabilities to achieve JFC objectives. Chapter 3, Design, Planning, Execution, and Assessment, describes how Air Force cyberspace operations are designed, planned, executed, and assessed. Also described are legal concerns, logistics, and operational considerations across the range of military operations. Appendix A, Ten Things Every Airman Must Know, is a list of ten things that every Airman ought to know, with respect to cyberspace operations. Appendix B, Policy and Doctrine Related to Cyberspace Operations, matrix includes recent and relevant National, Department of Defense-level, joint, and Air Force documents, publications, and doctrine which are related to cyberspace operations.
This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) establishes doctrinal guidance for combat support to air and space forces across the full range of military operations. "Combat Support" is the keystone document addressing the full spectrum of agile combat support functions that operate in peace and in war. It stresses the need for tailored combat support packages with the Airmen, facilities, equipment, and supplies required for supporting Air Force forces. Air and space forces respond to global taskings within hours. The support for these forces must be equally responsive. This is the challenging job of combat support, the foundation of air and space power. Air and space expeditionary task forces employment capabilities demand rapid positioning of force packages to achieve combat, peacekeeping, counterdrug, and nation building effects. Air Force agile combat support capabilities are provided by people and organizations responsible for planning, programming, and sustaining the forces; determining who and what are deployed; as well as how they arrive and return home safely. Agile combat support is an Air Force distinctive capability that touches every functional area and is key to meeting the US Air Force's mission to organize, train, equip, and employ air and space power. The dedicated support of our people makes agile combat support a reality. The goal of agile combat support is to provide the most capable air and space forces to combatant commanders.
This AFDD establishes operational doctrine for United States Air Force EW operations. It articulates fundamental Air Force principles for the application of combat force and provides commanders operational-level guidance on the employment and integration of Air Force resources to achieve desired objectives. Topics covered include electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), electronic support (ES), detection, denial, deception, disruption, destruction, and more. Air and space power and technology have always been tightly bound together throughout the history of air and space operations. This linkage is very evident in the combat machines, devices, and tactics needed to survive in the air and space environment. The use of radio and radar early in World War II as the means to find targets on the surface and in the air illustrates the first technological exploitation of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum in aerial warfare. The advent of countermeasures to these systems produced what we now consider electronic warfare (EW). Today's weapon systems and support systems rely on radio, radar, infrared (IR), electro-optical, ultraviolet, and laser technologies to function in peace and war. Unhampered use of the EM medium is vital to assure the success of any modern military operation. Coalition forces in Operation DESERT STORM operated "at will" over Iraq and Kuwait after gaining control of the EM spectrum early in the war. Contents: Chapter One - Background * Chapter Two - EW Operational Concepts * Chapter Three - Electronic Warfare Organization * Chapter Four - Planning And Employment * Chapter Five - Equip And Sustain * Chapter Six - Education And Training
Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 2-1.1 provides Air Force doctrine for counter air operations and supports basic air and space doctrine. It replaces AFDD 2-1.1, dated 6 May 1998. This AFDD applies to all active duty Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, and civilian Air Force personnel. This doctrine is authoritative but not directive; commanders are encouraged to exercise judgment in applying this doctrine to accomplish their missions. The mission of the United States Air Force is to defend the United States by gaining and exploiting air and space superiority. Air and space superiority provides the freedom in to operate in the air, space, and information medium. Unless we can freely maneuver in each of these environments while denying the enemy the same, we do not have air and space superiority.
The United States is engaged in a protracted struggle against violent extremists that will persist for the foreseeable future. Our Air Force Special Operations Forces (AFSOF) are at the forefront of this struggle. In recent years, we have called upon AFSOF to deliver unique capabilities and skill sets to combatant commanders across the range of military operations from the major combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan to the humanitarian relief operations in Haiti. Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 2-7, Special Operations, guides the preparation and employment of Air Force special operations forces. It builds upon our capstone doctrine, and presents the fundamentals of what Airmen have learned as the best way to organize and employ AFSOF at the operational level of war. AFDD 2-7, Special Operations, describes the support AFSOF provides to the joint force commander (JFC) and reiterates the command relationships that allow the JFC to leverage AFSOF capabilities as part of a greater campaign plan. As we read AFDD 2-7, it is essential we keep the basic SOF truths in mind. AFSOF cannot be mass produced. AFSOF is centered on people and not platforms and therefore quality is always better than quantity. It takes years to produce a strategic SOF Airman. History has demonstrated that we cannot produce competent AFSOF after an emergency arises. Our AFSOF must remain strong and ready to serve. Finally, as we employ AFSOF, All Air Force Airmen must be prepared to enable the AFSOF mission with agile combat support capabilities. Although proud of our Air Force's successes during our most recent operations, history tells us that we cannot afford complacency. With this in mind, AFDD 2-7 captures lessons learned from latest experiences, adjusts AFSOF's doctrinal sightline, and shapes the foundational concepts to meet current and future challenges. Contents: Chapter One - Overview of Air Force Special Operations Forces (AFSOF) * Chapter Two - Core Activities And Missions * Chapter Three - Command, Control, and Organization * Chapter Four - AFSOF Planning and Support Considerations