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Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-30 Command and Control 7 November 2014 Key Considerations of Command and Control. This section introduces basic C2-related definitions (e.g., command, control, command and control, commander) as well as some key precepts (e.g., unity of command, centralized control and decentralized execution, commander's intent; battle rhythm, trust). Operational and Administrative Branches of the Chain of Command. This section discusses the differences between the two branches of the chain of command. This is an important distinction. Command Authorities and Relationships. This section discusses how forces may be assigned or attached to joint and Service commands, how to tie organizations together through careful arrangements of command relationships, and how to transfer forces between organizations. Commanding Airpower. This section outlines the responsibilities of the COMAFFOR and related component command issues. Command and Control Mechanisms. This section provides an overview of the C2 mechanisms within an Air Force component: the air operations center (AOC) and the Air Force forces (AFFOR) staff, along with discussion of AOC liaisons and the joint air component coordination element. (Note that this is an overview; detailed discussion is found in appendices) Organizing Air Force Forces. This section starts with a discussion of the differences between regional and functional organizations. It then introduces the air expeditionary task force as the model for organizing Air Force forces afield. This section also contains critical discussion on integrating regional and functional Air Force forces through specially trained liaisons and supporting command arrangements. There is also discussion of nuclear support to regional commands, homeland organizational considerations, integration of the Air Reserve Components, and the responsibilities of a senior/host installation commander on a base with mixed forces. Presenting Air Force Forces. Once Air Force forces are organized, they should be presented to a JFC for employment. This section provides a primer on joint force organization and air component relationships within a joint force. This section contains critical discussion on presenting an Air Force component at various levels within a combatant command. Several appendices provide deeper discussion of material presented in the main body of the document: Appendix A contains the formal definitions of command authorities and relationships, along with amplifying discussion. Appendix B presents the detailed discussion of a notional AOC. Appendix C presents the detailed discussion of a notional AFFOR staff, with breakdown by directorates and key responsibilities. Appendix D provides an overview of the theater air control system. Appendix E discusses accessing the Air Reserve Components.
U.S. Air Force Doctrine Annex 3-30 Command and Control January 2020 is the source for information on the following topics: Introduction to Command and Control; Commanding Airpower; Command Authorities and Relationships; Command and Control Mechanisms; Organizing Air Force Forces; Presenting Air Force Forces; Command Authorities and Relationships; The Air Operations Center; The Air Force Forces (AFFOR) Staff; Theater Air Control System; and Command and Control Definitions and Explanations of Terms.
Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-04 Countersea Operations 7 November 2014 From a military perspective, the maritime domain is not limited to the open seas. Joint Publication (JP) 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms defines the maritime domain as "the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals." "Littoral" comprises two segments of the operational environment: 1. Seaward: the area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended directly from the sea. Countersea operations are equally relevant to "brown" water (navigable rivers, lakes, bays and their estuaries), "green" water (coastal waters, ports and harbors) and "blue" water (high seas and open oceans) environments. (Naval Doctrine Publication 1, Naval Warfare) The inclusion of "the airspace above these" in the domain definition indicates the decisiveness of air operations within the maritime domain. Although the "airspace above" could be considered the air domain, nothing in the definition of that domain implies or mandates exclusivity, primacy, or command and control of that domain. Command and control is established through command relationships within the various operational areas as described in JP 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, and is the authority of the joint force commander based upon most effective use of available resources to accomplish assigned missions. With the potential emergence of a credible naval opponent, maritime operations are once again focusing on defeating enemy naval forces while retaining a focus on the role of power projection ashore from the littorals. Airpower provides a rapid, maneuverable, and flexible element in this environment. Air Force capabilities can extend the reach and increase the flexibility of naval surface, subsurface, and aviation assets, playing a key role in controlling the maritime domain. Air Force and Navy capabilities synergistically employed enable the joint force to control the maritime domain.
This United States Air Force USAF manual, Air Force Doctrine Publication AFDP 3-60 Targeting November 2021, provides the fundamental principles for targeting which is the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response while taking account of command objectives, operational requirements, and capabilities. This process is systematic, comprehensive, and continuous. Combined with a clear understanding of operational requirements, capabilities, and limitations, the targeting process identifies, selects, and exploits critical vulnerabilities within targeted systems to achieve the commanders' desired end state. Targeting is a command function requiring commander oversight and involvement to ensure proper execution. It is not the exclusive province of one specialty or division, such as intelligence or operations, but blends the expertise of many disciplines. Targeting occurs at all levels of warfare (strategic, operational, and tactical), across the competition continuum and over the full range of Air Force operations. It helps translate strategy into discrete actions by linking ends, ways, means, and risks. It allows commanders to choose the best ways to attain desired outcomes. From strategy comes the plans and guidance used to task specific capabilities through the tasking process. The processes of planning, tasking, targeting, and assessing effects provide a logical progression that forms the basis of decision-making. Targeting is often tied only to the kinetic delivery of capabilities. However, joint force commander objectives can be accomplished through a variety of non-kinetic capabilities and actions to create lethal and nonlethal effects. All of this involves the targeting process. To optimize military action, targeting should integrate the full spectrum of capabilities including conventional and nuclear operations. This allows joint forces to continue the fight in, around, and through nuclear or radiological environments. In addition, targeting should occur well before hostilities and continue through post-hostilities.
Air Force Doctrine ANNEX 3-52 Airspace Control 21 July 2014Introduction To Airspace ControlAirspace Control AuthorityAirspace Control SystemPolicy GuidanceCross-Domain IntegrationCommand and OrganizationCommand and Organization Considerations Across The Range Of Military OperationsATC Operations ElementsBasic Planning ConsiderationsExecution ConsiderationsMajor Operations and CampaignsIrregular WarfareLimitations of Airspace ControlAppendix A: Sample Airspace Control PlanAppendix B: Regional Air Movement Control Center
The mission of the United States Air Force is to deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests - to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace. Our space forces perform functions that are critical for the joint force- intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; command and control; positioning, navigation, and timing; weather services; counterspace; communications; and spacelift. As our reliance on space increases, so too, must our ability to integrate space capabilities throughout joint operations. To retain the US military's asymmetric advantage based on space superiority, our Air Force must fully exploit and defend the space domain.
Air Force Doctrine Volume 3 Command 22 November 2016 This product is a synopsis of key points across the doctrine database. Its purpose is to provide senior leaders with a quick review of key doctrinal points across a wide range of material. It is not meant as a substitute for deeper familiarization with the referenced material. Staff members supporting senior leadership should be familiar with the greater context found in the referenced sources.
The mission of the United States Air Force is to fly, fight, and win in air, space, and cyberspace. A crucial part of achieving that mission involves obtaining and maintaining superiority in the air domain. That domain, defined for the first time in this publication, is the area, beginning at the Earth's surface, where the atmosphere has a major effect on the movement, maneuver, and employment of joint forces. Within that domain, forces exercise degrees of control or levels of influence, characterized as parity, superiority, or supremacy. The US has enjoyed at least air superiority in all conflicts since the Korean War. The US will probably retain that superiority in today's ongoing conflicts, but the prospect of near-peer competitors in the not-too-distant future raise the possibility of air parity - a condition in the air battle in which one force does not have air superiority over others - or even conceding superiority to the adversary if Air Force forces are not properly employed. Our possession of air superiority helps enable joint forces to dominate adversary operations in all domains and to achieve a wide range of cross-domain effects. Unless we can freely maneuver in the air while denying the enemy the ability to do the same, we do not have superiority. Therefore, this publication addresses how the commander of Air Force forces can best employ his assets within a joint force to achieve control in the air domain to enable the overall joint force effort. Counterair is more than just force protection or air and missile defense. It also includes offensive actions against an enemy's capabilities, allowing us to seize the initiative and force the adversary into a defensive posture. Furthermore, counterair is executed by more than just air assets. Counterair is a joint, multinational, and interagency team effort, comprising a combination of command and control systems, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems, aircraft and missile systems in air-to-air and air-to-ground roles, and surface-to-air defense weapons. The effect of air superiority is not normally an end unto itself. Air superiority provides enormous military advantages, allowing the joint force greater freedom of action to carry out its assigned missions (freedom to attack) while minimizing its vulnerability to enemy detection and attack (freedom from attack). The success of any major air, land, or maritime operation may depend on the degree of air superiority achieved. This Air Force doctrine document provides guidance for designing, planning, integrating, coordinating, executing, and assessing counterair operations. It provides operational doctrine to gain and maintain control of the air. As such, it focuses on how air forces can be organized and employed to successfully conduct counterair operations.
This document is the Air Force's premier statement of warfighting principles and beliefs. It is the senior doctrine publication from which all other Air Force doctrine flows. Historically, airpower has been associated with its more familiar and visible aspects, such as air-to-air combat, strategic bombing, and long-range heavy airlift. However, airpower has many less visible but equally important missions across the range of military operations: providing close air support and tactical mobility to our ground forces; positioning and resupplying remote forces; obtaining and providing detailed and timely intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; providing humanitarian relief; projecting world-wide command and control; and training of coalition partners in the use of airpower, just to name a few. Also, while many parts of the Air Force are visibly engaged in overseas expeditionary operations, other aspects of the Air Force are quietly at work day-to-day, overwatching the homeland. These include nuclear forces on alert; ground- and space-based national warning systems; cyberspace forces monitoring the security of military networks; and fighters on call to defend sovereign airspace.