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This document is the Air Force's premier statement of warfighting principles and beliefs. It is the senior doctrine publication from which all other Air Force doctrine flows. Historically, airpower has been associated with its more familiar and visible aspects, such as air-to-air combat, strategic bombing, and long-range heavy airlift. However, airpower has many less visible but equally important missions across the range of military operations: providing close air support and tactical mobility to our ground forces; positioning and resupplying remote forces; obtaining and providing detailed and timely intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; providing humanitarian relief; projecting world-wide command and control; and training of coalition partners in the use of airpower, just to name a few. Also, while many parts of the Air Force are visibly engaged in overseas expeditionary operations, other aspects of the Air Force are quietly at work day-to-day, overwatching the homeland. These include nuclear forces on alert; ground- and space-based national warning systems; cyberspace forces monitoring the security of military networks; and fighters on call to defend sovereign airspace.
This document is the Air Force's premier statement of warfighting principles and beliefs, updated in late 2011. It is the senior doctrine publication from which all other Air Force doctrine flows. Historically, airpower has been associated with its more familiar and visible aspects, such as air-to-air combat, strategic bombing, and long-range heavy airlift. However, airpower has many less visible but equally important missions across the range of military operations: providing close air support and tactical mobility to our ground forces; positioning and resupplying remote forces; obtaining and providing detailed and timely intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; providing humanitarian relief; projecting world-wide command and control; and training of coalition partners in the use of airpower, just to name a few. Also, while many parts of the Air Force are visibly engaged in overseas expeditionary operations, other aspects of the Air Force are quietly at work day-to-day, overwatching the homeland. These include nuclear forces on alert; ground- and space-based national warning systems; cyberspace forces monitoring the security of military networks; and fighters on call to defend sovereign airspace. Much has transpired in the world since the previous edition of AFDD 1 was published in 2003. Irregular warfare and homeland defense have taken on more importance; the Air Force has recognized cyberspace as an operational domain and has renewed its commitment to nuclear operations; and we are now investing heavily in unmanned aircraft systems. Seven years ago, we could not have accurately foreseen these changes; looking forward, the future is equally unpredictable. While we cannot accurately predict where and how we'll next be engaged, doctrine provides a leg up, outlining the basics of organization and command, providing guidance on how to think about and plan for different types of operations and missions. These foundational basics allow us to respond more quickly, freeing commanders and planners to think about larger issues such as strategy, operational art, and objectives. Contents: Chapter One - Doctrine * Chapter Two - Airpower * Chapter Three - War * Chapter Four - Principles And Tenets * Chapter Five - Air Force Functions * Chapter Six - Commanding And Organizing Air Force Forces * Chapter Seven - The Air Force Component Within The Joint Force
In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.
In this first of a two-volume study, Dr. Futrell presents a chronological survey of the development of Air Force doctrine and thinking from the beginnings of powered flight to the onset of the space age. He outlines the struggle of early aviation enthusiasts to gain acceptance of the airplane as a weapon and win combat-arm status for the Army Air Service (later the Army Air Corps and Army Air Force). He surveys the development of airpower doctrine during the 1930s and World War II and outlines the emergence of the autonomous US Air Force in the postwar period. Futrell brings this first volume to a close with discussions of the changes in Air Force thinking and doctrine necessitated by the emergence of the intercontinental missile, the beginnings of space exploration and weapon systems, and the growing threat of limited conflicts resulting from the Communist challenge of wars of liberation. In volume two, the author traces the new directions that Air Force strategy, policies, and thinking took during the Kennedy administration, the Vietnam War, and the post-Vietnam period. Futrell outlines how the Air Force struggled with President Kennedy's redefinition of national security policy and Robert S. McNamara's managerial style as secretary of defense. He describes how the Air Force argued that airpower should be used during the war in Southeast Asia. He chronicles the evolution of doctrine and organization regarding strategic, tactical, and airlift capabilities and the impact that the aerospace environment and technology had on Air Force thinking and doctrine.
The security environment America faces today is extremely complex. While relationships may have improved between historic enemy nation states, the threat of symmetric force on force warfare still exists. The constant spread of violent extremists set on changing the world's geopolitical environment with destructive technology and weapons of mass destruction has evolved into major challenges America must be ready to defeat. These wide ranging threats against sovereign nations and the domains of land, maritime, air, space, and cyberspace, require different approaches towards attaining peace and security. Recognizing the engineering aspect of military operations cannot be overemphasized. The success of any military operation hinges on competent engineers guided by actions proven to be successful during previous operations. Although current and future threats may bring about changes in how military engineers from all Services are employed in joint environments, the primary mission of establishing and maintaining bases of support for the projection of airpower will remain the top priority for Air Force civil engineers. As we face uncertainty and persistent conflict, and increasingly focus on joint, interagency, and multinational operations, the demand for civil engineers and the need for engineer doctrine become increasingly important. Doctrine ensures Air Force civil engineers provide effective support to the commander of Air Force forces (COMAFFOR) and remain capable of rapidly responding to crises and other contingencies. This Air Force doctrine document (AFDD), “Engineer Operations (AFDD 3-34),” directly supports AFDD 1, Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organization, and Command, and AFDD 4-0, Agile Combat Support. It sets forth guiding principles on employing Air Force civil engineers at any level of warfare, strategic, operational, or tactical, under the command and control of the COMAFFOR, within any operational area including the homeland. It incorporates Air Force civil engineer doctrinal precepts, focusing on engineer fundamentals, organization and command, planning and execution, and capabilities. This document also supports all other Air Force doctrine and describes how the COMAFFOR employs engineer capabilities throughout all phases of military operations. This document is designed to assist the COMAFFOR, commanders, and planners to effectively integrate Air Force engineer capabilities into all types of military operations. It establishes doctrine and procedures for Air Force civil engineers as part of the Air Force's agile combat support, as well as engineers supporting civil, joint, or combined missions across the range of military operations. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application. It describes guiding principles to be used to organize and employ engineer capabilities to achieve strategic, operational, and tactical objectives. While the document speaks primarily to Air Force civil engineer support to Air Force missions, it is also organized in a manner that addresses Air Force civil engineer roles in joint, interagency, and multinational operations.
Proper doctrine for close support of American ground forces by airpower has been a tumultuous issue since the first days of combat aircraft. Air and ground leaders struggled with interservice rivalry, parochialism, employment paradigms, and technological roadblocks while seeking the optimum balance of missions given the unique speed, range, and flexibility of aircraft. Neither ground force concepts of airpower as self-defense and extended organic artillery, nor air force theories focused on command of the air and strategic attack fit the middle ground of close air support (CAS), leaving a doctrinal void prior to American combat in World War II. This thesis focuses on the critical period from September 1939 through the doctrinal and practical crucible of North Africa, which eventually produced a resoundingly successful system. Theoretical and practical changes in organization and command, airpower roles, and the tactical air control system are examined, with subarea focus on cooperation and communications technology. Upon examination, discerning leadership, able to transcend earlier compromises and failures, emerges as the essential element for CAS success during the war. While many airpower concepts proved valid, air-ground cooperation through liaison proved indispensable, a lesson repeated even today.
This Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 10-13, Air and Space Doctrine. AFDD 3-1 Air Warfare establishes operational doctrine for air warfare. It provides initial guidance for conducting air operations as part of aerospace warfare. Specifically, this document contains beliefs and principles that guide the organization, command and control, employment, and support of air forces conducting wartime operations. It examines relationships among objectives, forces, environments, and actions that enhance the ability of air operations to contribute to achieving assigned objectives. It focuses on the sequencing of events and the application of forces and resources to ensure aerospace power makes useful contributions to military and national objectives. It examines the importance of command relationships, intelligence, space, logistics, and other factors to the planning and conduct of air warfare.