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Bridging the gap between wind and structural engineering, Wind Loading of Structures demonstrates the application of wind engineering principles to ensure maximum safety in a variety of structures. This book will assist the practising engineer in understanding the principles of wind engineering, and provide guidance on the successful design of structures for wind loading by gales, hurricanes, typhoons, thunderstorm downdrafts and tornados. The principles of meteorology, statistics and probability, aerodynamics and structural dynamics are covered in the first half of the book. The second half describes, qualitatively and quantitatively, the nature of wind loads on all types of structures, including low-rise and tall buildings, large stadium roofs, towers and chimneys, bridges, transmission lines, free-standing walls and roofs, and antennae. Special features include coverage of extreme winds in tropical and sub-tropical climates, wind-tunnel testing techniques, a summary of the wind climates of over sixty countries, and detailed coverage of internal as well as external wind pressures on buildings. A comparison is made of the provisions for wind loads in six major national and international codes and standards. Examples and case studies are given in each chapter that make the book suitable for supporting university graduate courses in wind loading and response.
Exceptional loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain dynamic effects due to natural hazards, man-made attacks, and accidents, as well as extreme operational conditions (severe temperature variations, humidity, etc.). All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated and refined methods are required for their design, analysis, and maintenance under the expected lifetime. There are major challenges related to the structural typology and material properties with respect to the key features of the imposed design load. Further issues can be derived from the need for risk mitigation or retrofit of existing structures as well as from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no appropriate design recommendations are available and, thus, experimental investigations can have a key role within the overall process. In this Special Issue, original research studies, review papers, and experimental and/or numerical investigations are presented for the structural performance assessment of buildings and structures under various extreme conditions that are of interest for design.
This book addresses the dynamic behaviour of a variety of structures under loading actions, such as wind storms and earthquakes. The book can be used to help with the prediction of the dynamic response of structures indicated by a unified systems approach, and compares this method with the results of full-scale studies of the in-service performance of real structures. A worldwide selection of examples of the response of tall buildings, chimneys, bridges, dams, offshore structures and floors is given, illustrated by many photographs and diagrams. The position of codes of practice and their relation to a full design study is also discussed. Examples of the assessment of extreme value data, the calculation of response, the results of forced vibration tests and examples of the use of the Laplace Transform for the calculation of response are provided in appendices.
This paper presents the analysis of the modal correlation coefficient and the weighting factor for predicting wind load combination in tall buildings under wind loads by high-frequency force balance (HFFB) and high-frequency pressure integration (HFPI) in a wind tunnel. The results of the analysis and comparisons in terms of non-dimensional aerodynamic coefficients and base moments will be presented in this study, to determine whether the pressure tap on the model surface for the HFPI test is sufficiently dense. Results show good agreement between HFFB and HFPI for overall wind loads, modal correlation coefficients and weighting factors. Wind load combinations are revisited in the framework of modeling the resultant base moments in each direction. According to the findings, the across-wind load combination by weighting factor is higher than the across-wind load combination by AIJ 2004 standard for the along-wind maximum case for buildings with an aspect ratio of 1.0. In other cases, the combination of wind loads as determined by AIJ 2004 is greater than the combination of wind loads determined by the weighting factor.
A collection of papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings (ICTB), this volume clearly explains the engineering and socio-economic aspects of tall buildings in specific areas of sustainability. The papers focus on Asian cities, where tall buildings have become a major feature of the built environment. A multi-disciplinary book, it also deals with the increasing complexity of inter-related problems that require knowledge integration from different disciplines. With interesting contributions from distinguished practitioners, academics and policy makers, the book addresses the development and application of knowledge in solving problems related to tall buildings.
This report provides state-of-the-practice guidelines for the computation of wind-induced forces on industrial facilities with structural features outside the scope of current codes and standards.
The contributions contained in these proceedings are divided into three main sections: theme lectures presented during the pre-workshop lecture series; keynote lectures and other contributed papers; and a translation of the Japanese geotechnical design code.
This book highlights current research and developments in the area of Structural Engineering and Construction Management, which are important disciplines in Civil Engineering. It covers the following topics and categories of Structural Engineering. The main chapters/sections of the proceedings are Structural and Solid Mechanics, Construction Materials, Systems and Management, Loading Effects, Construction Safety, Architecture & Architectural Engineering, Coastal Engineering, Foundation engineering, Materials, Sustainability. The content of this book provides necessary knowledge for construction management practices, new tools and technologies on local and global levels in civil engineering which can mitigate the negative effects of built environment.​