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This work has 19 chapters, a section on verb conjugation, three appendices, and a bibliography. Numerous exercises, dialogues, texts, and special phrases are also provided. Each chapter consists of course texts, language notes, exercises, a vocabulary list, examples, and supplementary grammar. The texts focus on daily Tibetan life. Sentences are short and syntactically not overly complex. Exercises provide focus-related examples to reinforce chapter contents and include dialogues, sentences, and phrase completion. Dialogues are a major focus and provide a backdrop of communication for practice. Language notes deal with various grammatical, syntactic, and semantic points. A Tibetan-English wordlist is at the end of each chapter. The supplemental grammar section addresses unique grammatical concepts, new phrasal words, and function words and phrases. 《ཨམ་སྐད་ལམ་འཇུག》ཅེས་པ་ཨམ་སྐད་སྤྱི་མཚན་ཁོལ་ཕྱུང་མ་འདི་ནི་ས་བཅད་བཅུ་དགུ། བྱ་ཚིག་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་ཚན་པ་གཅིག ལེ་ལག་གསུམ་དང་དཔེ་ཆའི་ཐོ་གཞུང་གཅིག་བཅས་ཀྱིས་གྲུབ་ཅིང་། གཤར་སྦྱང་། ཁ་བརྡ། སློབ་ཚན་དང་ཡིག་ཚོགས་ལྷག་པོས་མཚན་ཡོད། ས་བཅད་རེ་རེ་ལ་སློབ་ཚན། བརྡ་དོན་གནད་འགྲེལ། གཤར་སྦྱང་། ཐ་སྙད་ཤན་སྦྱར། དཔེར་འཇོག་དང་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཁ་གསབ་བཅས་བྲིས་ཡོད། སློབ་ཚན་གྱིས་བོད་པའི་རང་གའི་འཚོ་བ་བྲིས་ཡོད། ཚིག་ཀ་ཐུང་ཞིང་ཚིག་སྡེབ་མི་ཉོག གཤར་སྦྱང་གི་ནང་དུ་མདོ་རྩ་གཟས་པའི་དཔེར་བརྗོད་བཞག་སྟེ་ས་བཅད་ཁག་གི་དོན་ཁོག་ཞིབ་རྒྱས་སུ་བཏང་ཡོད་ལ། ཁ་བརྡ་དང་ཚིག་ཀའམ་ཡིག་ཚོགས་ཁ་སྐོང་སོགས་ཤོང་ཡོད། ཁ་བརྡ་ནི་ཆེད་དམིགས་ཅན་ཏག་ཏག་ཡིན་པ་དང་ཤུགས་ནས་ཁ་བརྡའི་རྒྱབ་ལྗོངས་གོ་ཐུབ། བརྡ་དོན་གནད་འགྲེལ་གྱིས་བརྡ་དོན། ཚིག་སྡེབ་དང་ཚིག་དོན་ལྡེམ་པོ་བསེད་ཡོད། ས་བཅད་རེ་ལ་མཇུག་ན་བོད་དབྱིན་ཐ་སྙད་ཤན་སྦྱར་རེ་ཡོད། བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཁ་གསབ་ཀྱི་ནང་དུ་བརྡ་དོན་སྒྲ་སྤྱི་ལྷག་པོ་དང་ཡིག་ཚོགས་ལྷག་པོ། རྐྱེན་ཡིག་དང་རྐྱེན་གྱི་ཡིག་ཚོགས་ཁན་འཇོག་བྱས་ཡོད། 《安多藏语导教》这本规范性的安多藏语专著由十九章、一节动词的时态变化、三个附件和一个书目提要组成，包含大量课文、会话、特殊用语和词组以及相关的练习。专著每章由课文、语法注解、练习题、单词表、例句和补充语法组成。课文以描述藏人日常生活的文章为主，句子简短、句法不甚复杂。练习题以会话、句型和词组的练习题为主，通过有针对性的例句来加强和丰富章节的内容。会话练习在强调内容的针对性的同时， 提供了会话的背景知识 。语法注解针对语法、句法和语义上的难点进行了解释。每一章的末尾有一个藏英词条对照。补充语法部分则强调一些藏语特有的语法概念和一些词组、助词和助词短语的用法。
THE WITCHES OF TIBET is a fictionalized account of a Tibetan girl's childhood in Mgo log (Golok) in Qinghai Province. The narrative begins with how a little girl's life was saved by a gift of a mysterious pill from a kind, local woman who locals regarded as a witch. These and other magic moments are from personal experiences that relatives and others related about their own lives, and what the author dreamed and imagined. This text illustrates how a Tibetan woman is influenced by those around her, the natural environment, and her dreams. In addition, four stories are given, two of which only women tell among themselves.
They may shave their heads, don simple robes, and renounce materialism and worldly desires. But the women seeking enlightenment in a Buddhist nunnery high in the folds of Himalayan Kashmir invariably find themselves subject to the tyrannies of subsistence, subordination, and sexuality. Ultimately, Buddhist monasticism reflects the very world it is supposed to renounce. Butter and barley prove to be as critical to monastic life as merit and meditation. Kim Gutschow lived for more than three years among these women, collecting their stories, observing their ways, studying their lives. Her book offers the first ethnography of Tibetan Buddhist society from the perspective of its nuns. Gutschow depicts a gender hierarchy where nuns serve and monks direct, where monks bless the fields and kitchens while nuns toil in them. Monasteries may retain historical endowments and significant political and social power, yet global flows of capitalism, tourism, and feminism have begun to erode the balance of power between monks and nuns. Despite the obstacles of being considered impure and inferior, nuns engage in everyday forms of resistance to pursue their ascetic and personal goals. A richly textured picture of the little known culture of a Buddhist nunnery, the book offers moving narratives of nuns struggling with the Buddhist discipline of detachment. Its analysis of the way in which gender and sexuality construct ritual and social power provides valuable insight into the relationship between women and religion in South Asia today.
This book investigates the geopolitics and strategic dimensions of US-American foreign policy during George W. Bush's and Barack Obama's presidential terms. Based on a vast amount of empirical and historical sources, the author offers deep insights into the recent political developments ('Arabellions') along the axis of Northern Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, situating them in the context of the global geopolitical and geo-economical Great Game, either latent or overt, between USA/NATO and Russia. The author also analyses the influence of the US on these historical and political processes in the last two decades.
How does an illiterate singer produce a long oral epic? What is the origin of his "text", available only for a fleeting moment at its performance? How can a multifaceted oral performance be transformed into a book? The primary oral textualization and the secondary written codification of the Siri epic, 15,683 lines, are described in detail in the present volume on the basis of recent fieldwork among the speakers of Tulu, a Dravidian language, in southern Karnataka, India. The "oral author", Mr Gopala Naika, is one of the many talented singers of oral epics in Tulunaadu and a possession priest in rituals which use oral epics as their mythical charter and a source of mental therapy.
TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.
In its teachings, practices and institutions, Buddhism in its varied Asian forms is centrally concerned with death and the dead. This title offers a comparative investigation of this topic across the major Buddhist cultures of India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Tibet and Burma.
The Gesar of Ling epic is the Tibetan equivalent of The Arabian Nights. For hundreds of years, versions of it have been known in oral and written form in Tibet, China, Central Asia, and across the eastern Silk Route. King Gesar, renowned throughout these areas, represents the ideal warrior. As a leader with his people's loyalty and trust, he conquers all their enemies and protects the peace. His life story, which is full of miracles and magic, is an inspiration and a spiritual example to the people of Tibet and Central Asia even today; Gesar's warrior mask can be seen in the town square and on the door of homes in towns and villages throughout this area. As a Buddhist teaching story, the example of King Gesar is also understood as a spiritual allegory. The "enemies" in the stories represent the emotional and psychological challenges that turn people's minds toward greed, aggression, and envy, and away from the true teachings of Buddhism. These enemies graphically represent the different manifestations of the untamed mind. The teaching is that genuine warriors are not aggressive, but that they subjugate negative emotions in order to put the concerns of others before their own. The ideal of warriorship that Gesar represents is that of a person who, by facing personal challenges with gentleness and intelligence, can attain spiritual realization. This book contains volumes one through three, which tell of Gesar's birth, his mischievous childhood, his youth spent in exile, and his rivalry for the throne with his treacherous uncle. The Gesar epic tells how the king, an enlightened warrior, in order to defend Tibet and the Buddhist religion from the attacks of surrounding demon kings, conquers his enemies one by one in a series of adventures and campaigns that take him all over the Eastern world. He is assisted in his adventures by a cast of heroes and magical characters who include the major deities of Tibetan Buddhism as well as the native religion of Tibet. Gesar fulfills the Silk Route ideal of a king by being both a warrior and a magician. As a magician he combines the powers of an enlightened Buddhist master with those of a shamanic sorcerer. In fact, at times the epic almost seems like a manual to train such a Buddhist warrior-magician. In the story, the people and nation of Ling represent the East Asian notion of an enlightened society. There, meditation, magic, and the oral folk wisdom of a communal nomadic society are synchronized in a lifestyle harmonious with the environment, but ambitious for growth and learning and refined literate culture. Filled with magic, adventure, and the triumphs of this great warrior-king, the stories will delight all—young and old alike. The Gesar epic is still sung by bards in Tibet. The words of the Gesar epic have never been translated into a Western language before.