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Trade liberalisation affects the pattern and structure of agricultural production, with consequences for the environment. But what are these impacts? And do agri-environmental policies affect international competitiveness? This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. Further trade liberalisation is likely to strengthen market trends in the pig sector. Production is expected to slow, if not contract, in OECD European and Asian countries. In these countries, government support for pig production in the form of tariffs and/or export subsidies is generally the highest, and the environmental impacts of pig production on water and air pollution are of greatest concern. This book argues that liberalising trade is therefore likely to generate some environmental benefits. Regulatory requirements are the most important type of agri-environmental measures affecting pig production, and these mainly focus on the appropriate management of manure to reduce water pollution. Using comparative analysis, this study concludes that while manure management regulations do differ among countries, the cost effect on pig producers is not significant in explaining differences in international competitiveness.€ This is the first in a series of in-depth studies being undertaken by the OECD to investigate the linkages between agriculture, trade and the environment. Other studies examining the dairy and arable crop sectors are underway.
This OECD study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It argues that liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits.
Agricultural policies affect agricultural production with consequences for the environment. What are the impacts and how might they be affected by further agricultural policy reform? What are governments doing to improve the environmental performance of agriculture and how does this affect international competitiveness? The Dairy Sector report attempts to answer these questions and many others.
This is the first in a series of OECD studies which investigate trade policies, agricultural production and their impact on the environment. This study focuses on the pig sector in OECD countries and considers the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. It finds that production is expected to slow, if not contract, in OECD European and Asian countries, where government support for pig production in the form of tariffs and export subsidies is generally the highest, and environmental impacts on water and air pollution are of greatest concern. Therefore, liberalising trade is likely to generate some environmental benefits. Using comparative analysis, it also concludes that, while manure management regulations do differ among countries, the cost effect on pig producers is not significant in explaining differences in international competitiveness.
This study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
This title reviews the issues relating to agricultural trade and competition. Features include chapters on world trade and trade liberalization as well as chapters on the situation in the European Union, USA, Canada, Australia and developing countries.
Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Dairy Farms presents an innovative environmental proposal. While chiefly focusing on dairy farms, the environmental solution it describes is applicable to the entire livestock sector. The book is divided into five chapters, the first of which addresses the carbon footprint of dairy farms. Chapter two provides an overview of the animal production system, focusing on the physiology of the ruminant stomach and the greenhouse gases emitted by dairy cows. In turn, the third chapter covers dairy farm systems, explaining both intensive and extensive husbandry systems. The book’s final two chapters present the-state-of-art in CO2 capture, and describe a new and innovative CO2-RFP strategy. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to chemists, biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers active in agriculture and food-related areas, as well as those working in the food and dairy industry.
Awarded honourable mention for the 2024 GFASG Book Award. How do we achieve food security for a global population now over 7 billion people and trending towards 10 billion by 2050? This study of the global dairy industry examines how to balance our needs with those of animals and the environment. It scrutinises ruminant bovines' worrying exhaling of methane, a greenhouse gas which, fortunately, evidence shows can be reduced by adding seaweed to cattle feed. Are the multi-thousand-cow mega-dairies of the USA appropriate models for Africa and Asia's high-growth dairy regions, where so many women are smallholders? Is it ethical to keep cows in confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), eating unnatural high-energy/low fibre diets when they prefer grazing pasture? Other issues include hormones for oestrus stimulation, and GMOs for milk yield, stressing cows' immune systems and drastically shortening longevity. This book offers multifaceted discussion of the central and ancillary issues relevant to dairying, and consumption of plant- and laboratory-based foods in the 21st century. No book to date offers such a comprehensive overview, linking ethics, environment, health and policy-making with in-depth coverage of the major dairy farming regions of the world.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in sustainable dairy production, helping the industry to develop more sustainable dairy products, through new technologies, implementing life cycle analysis, and upgrading and optimization of their current production lines. It aims to stimulate process innovations, taking into account environmental, economic and public relations benefits for companies. Topics covered include: How to set up a sustainable production line How to quantify the carbon foot print of a dairy product by using life cycle analysis Current technologies to improve the carbon foot print What measures can be taken to reduce the global warming potential of the farm Reduction of water use in dairy production Marketing sustainable dairy products Bench marking of dairy products against other food products Potential future technological developments to improve the carbon foot print for the following decades
Die Milchwirtschaft ist gemessen am Umsatz die zweitgrößte Branche des deutschen Agribusiness. In den letzten Jahren ist sie durch eine starke Liberalisierung geprägt gewesen, wodurch sie sich einem verschärften Wettbewerb, sowohl im inländischen, als auch auf ausländischen Märkten gegenüber sieht. Gleichzeitig steigen die Anforderungen von Seiten der Politik und Gesellschaft, beispielsweise in Hinblick auf Umweltgesetzgebungen und die gentechnikfreie Fütterung. Die Dissertation untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund sowohl quantitativ als auch qualitativ, wie sich verschiedene Faktoren auf die Milchproduktion in Deutschland auswirken, und leitet hierauf aufbauend zukünftige Entwicklungen ab. In Hinblick auf das sich ändernde Wettbewerbsumfeld untersucht die Dissertation die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen Milchwirtschaft mit Hilfe der Analyse von Außenhandelsdaten. Darüber hinaus werden die in der deutschen Molkereiwirtschaft vorliegenden Internationalisierungsstrategien identifiziert und deren Einfluss auf den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg mit Hilfe von Paneldatenanalyse auf Basis von Jahresabschlüssen von Molkereiunternehmen analysiert. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen werden Chancen und Risiken, sowie Möglichkeiten der Umsetzung eines potenziellen Markteintritts in den brasilianischen Milchmarkt analysiert. The German dairy industry is the second largest sector of German agribusiness in terms of turnover. In recent years, it has been characterized by a strong liberalization, which means that it is facing increased competition, both on domestic and foreign markets. At the same time, the demands from politics and society are increasing, for example with regard to environmental legislation and GMO-free feeding. Against this background, the dissertation examines both quantitatively and qualitatively how various factors affect milk production in Germany and derives future developments on this basis. In view of the changing competitive environment, the dissertation examines the international competitiveness of the German dairy industry by analysing foreign trade data. In addition, the internationalization strategies present in the German dairy industry are identified and their influence on economic success is analysed by means of panel data analysis based on annual financial statements of dairy companies. Based on the results, opportunities and risks, as well as possibilities of implementing a potential market entry into the Brazilian dairy market are analysed.