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This volume focuses on tackling the harmful impact of agricultural waste with the use of sustainable practices, bio-techniques, and new technologies that either make use of the waste as a raw material or convert the waste into a useful resource that can help achieve environmental sustainability. The agriculture sector is one of the major producers of waste around the world. These wastes are produced at various stages of the various processes in the agricultural industry. Agricultural practices such as mechanical tillage, mono-cropping, application of agro-chemicals, irrigation with waste and industrial waters affect soil health and productivity. The resulting agricultural wastes can have a deleterious impact on the different components of the environment, resulting in harmful problems that pose a huge risk to ecological stability. The book investigates the sources and impacts of agri-waste on the environment and goes on to offer effective techniques, processes, and sustainable practices that can be implemented for effective agricultural waste management. Chapters also discuss a selection of innovative engineering-based technologies. The volume includes discussions of many remediation techniques, such as the use of biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, vermicomposting, green chemistry, microbial interventions, and more. The book explores the various uses of agri-waste with special emphasis on their applications in the plant-soil system. This book is a valuable reference source for academicians, professionals, researchers, students, and policymakers who are interested in the innovative management of the agricultural waste.
Biotransformation of Agricultural Waste and By-Products in the 4F Economy: The Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel (4F) Economy presents an evaluation of plant species better exploitable for a particular transformation. As crops are already covering large parts of cultivable soils, is it is not conceivable to try to extend the cultures beyond the limit of available soils, but a further increase in productivity is not easy to obtain. The book discusses advances in technology and plants design which support the exploitation and valorization of vegetable and fruit by-products through fermentation (feed-batch liquid fermentation, solid-state fermentation) in bio-based bio-chemicals/biofuels production. Pathways in the biosynthesis of fibers, sugars, and metabolites are provided with a focus on the lifecycle of bacteria, yeasts, and even plant species. The text analyzes cellular structures and the organization of cell walls in order to show which polysaccharides offer more favorable fermentative processes and which are detrimental. - Provides an overview of all plant based biosources - Includes examples of biochemical/biofuel production from plant waste - Discusses the production of enzymes used in the plant fermentation processes - Explores the new fermentation technologies and production of chemicals and fuels from various plants
Agricultural Waste Management: Problems, Processes, and Approaches is a summary of the processes and approaches applicable to the solution of agricultural waste management problems. This book is organized into three part encompassing 13 chapters that is intended as a bridge between theory and practice as well as between the many disciplines that are involved in agricultural waste management. The primary focus of agricultural waste management is on the obvious problems of odor control and feedlot runoff. The first part looks into the status of agricultural waste problem and the application of engineering and scientific fundamentals to the management of these wastes. This part also deals with the role of the land in waste management, and then outlines the guidelines for the development of feasible waste management systems. The second part describes the fundamentals, principles, and benefits of various waste management processes, including biological processes, ponds and lagoons, aerobic, anaerobic, physical, and chemical treatments, and nitrogen control; as well as treatment systems, such as ponds, lagoons, and land disposal. The third part examines the integration of the most economical and equitable combination of alternative technologies into feasible waste management approaches. This work will be of great value to agricultural producers and manufacturers, scientists, and engineers.
Agricultural wastes (AW) can be defined as the residues from the growing and processing of raw agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy products and crops. Agricultural wastes can be in the form of solid, liquid or slurries depending on the nature of agricultural activities. Furthermore, agricultural industry residues and wastes constitute a significant proportion of worldwide agricultural productivity. Although the quantity of wastes produced by the agricultural sector is significantly low compared to wastes generated by other industries, the pollution potential of agricultural wastes is high on a long-term basis. This book discusses the characteristics, types and management options for agricultural wastes.
Agricultural Waste Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan Africa as Case Study presents solutions for overcoming limitations, guiding developmental processes, and improving knowledge transfer in agricultural waste management and development. The book gives considerable attention to treatment and conversion, with best management practices involving the reduction and elimination of waste volume in its various forms, sectors and streams. Sections cover waste management in the agriculture and food sector, including methodological approaches in waste preparation and processes, the most important energy generation techniques and strategies, and best practices, management, sustainability, associated technologies, accountability, communications, and involvement surrounding diverse stakeholders. Agricultural Waste Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan Africa as Case Study illustrates the use of mathematical models to minimize operational cost in agro-waste management processes and discusses the application of eco-efficiency. Ultimately, the book focuses on the prospect of agro-wastes management and risk associated in the sub-Saharan African region, including Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa as case studies. Captures a solutions-based assessment that redresses the challenges created by a poor biodiversity strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa to meet present needs in SSA and around the world Provides foundational information for agricultural diversity, food waste elimination, clean energy production, and technology emergence Enables a greater understanding of the state-of-the-art approach for effective biodegradable waste management Inspires further research into sustainable and cost-effective biowaste operations, wastes management models, methodologies for utilization and nascent technologies that are capable of bolstering clean energy generation
This book is dedicated to the reuse of waste and residues from the agricultural sector. Plant residues, as well as animal manure and residues from animal breeding, contain useful elements that can be processed for production of fertilizers, compost for soil recultivation, and biofuels. The emerging energy and resources crisis calls for development of sustainable reuse of waste and residues. This book contains eight chapters divided into four sections. The first section contains the introductory chapter from the editor. The second section is related to the preparation of fertilizers and compost for soil amelioration from agricultural residues and waste water. The third section considers the use of agricultural waste for solid biofuels and biogas. The fourth section discusses sustainability and risk assessment related to the use of agricultural waste and residues.
The present book deals with the research work carried out in the past related to conversion and utilization of agricultural waste into useful products and to increase their economic values. The book mainly aims in analysing the various application and research carried in the fields of potential utilization of agricultural wastes. The recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes is an important step forward towards environmental protection, energy structure and agricultural development. The recycling and utilization pathway of agricultural wastes have also been discussed. The book also deals with the laws and regulations and strengthening of rural market. It will provide more comprehensive fundamental information for the recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes during the modernization and urbanization around the globe.
Traditional agriculture and emerging biofuels technology produce anumber of wastes and by-products, ranging from corn fiber andglycerin to animal manure, that have the potential to serve as thebasis for additional sources of bioenergy that includes both liquidbiofuels and biogas. Biofuels from Agricultural Wastes and Byproducts isthe first book to focus solely on the production of biofuelsprimarily from agricultural waste and by-products. The book isdivided roughly into two sections. The first section looks atliquid biofuel production from agricultural byproducts,densification of agricultural residues, and the delivery from farmto processing plant of waste and byproducts for use in biofuelproduction. The second section focuses on anaerobic digestion offood and animal wastes, microbial diversity, molecular andbiochemical aspects of methanogensis. Together these sections solidify Biofuels fromAgricultural Wastes and Byproducts as a definitive source ofinformation on the use of agricultural waste and by-products inbiofuel production.
This book discusses modern technologies for utilizing various types of agricultural waste as a direct means of properly managing its abundance. It explores the potential of using waste materials obtained from the palm oil industry, used cooking oil, maize and tea plantations, as well as citrus-based plants for the production of useful, high-value materials such as pyroligenous acid and bio-oil (Chapter 1), ferulic acid (Chapter 4) and bio-control agents (Chapter 5-7, 9). It also includes case studies to further enhance readers’ understanding. This comprehensive volume is useful to anyone involved in agricultural waste management, green chemistry and agricultural biotechnology. It is also recommended as a reference work for all agriculture and biotechnology libraries.
This edited book provides a comprehensive review of the current agricultural waste disposal techniques focusing on the ongoing research in the production of various agro waste-derived value-added products. Further topic includes the techno-economic aspects in up-scaling the technology from lab scale to commercial/pilot scale. Sustainable waste management and alternative renewable energy sources are the most important requirements in this era of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Agricultural waste, which is one of the major contributors to overall waste production, has the ability to be an essential source of renewable energy and other valuable products. The ongoing research and technical advancements in agro-waste treatment lead to the efficient conversion of waste into different value-added products. This book is of primary interest to academicians, researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of agro-residue management, and biomass to bio-energy conversion technologies. Also, the book serves as reading material for students of Environmental Engineering/Civil and Environmental Engineering and Agricultural Engineering. Rural Management authorities, Industrial and Government policy-making agencies may also find it useful read.