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The overall objective of this volume is to show the impact of farming systems research (FSR) activities in Ethiopia on agricultural research and on the development of technologies and policies for small-scale farmers. The work reported is based on research conducted by scientists at the Institute of Agricultural Research, in collaboration with staff from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the International Center for tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA). Ethiopia is one of the few developing countries where FSR activities have been institutionalized and have had and important influence on the development of new technologies for farmers. Consequently, the research results, as well as the policy analysis, methodology and the institutionalization process, will be relevant to all researchers and change agents concerned with the developing world, whether they be economists, policy makers or administrators.
A personal perspectives. Technical change and agricultural development. The agricultural research institution. National agricultural research systems. The international agricultural research system. Reviewing agricultural research programs. Location and scale in agricultural research. The private sector in agricultural research. Institutional and project funding of research. The economic benefits from agricultural research. Research resource allocation. The social sciences in agricultural research. Responsability and agricultural research.
Agricultural research was probably the first and is the most widespread form of organised research in the world, and one in which both the most developed and underdeveloped countries are engaged. Whilst most forms of research activity, such as in the field of medicine, have world wide application, agricultural research, by its very nature, has to be regional; practically no research finding can be adopted without studying the results of its application under the infinite number of ecological situations with which the farmers of the world are faced. The improvement of agricultural production is the essential first step whereby developing countries can hope to raise their standard of living. Research is therefore an activity in which no underdeveloped country can afford not to engage; nor can countries in which agriculture has reached a high level of development and sophistication afford to neglect agricultural research. It is not because of inertia or vested interests that highly industrialised countries maintain, mostly at public expense, a costly and complex infrastructure for agricultural research. Even when problems of overproduction weigh heavily on the economy, agricultural research is considered the essential key to further progress: the objectives and goals are simply changed and adapted to the needs of the economy.
The small-country probem: conflict between resources and needs; Some ppolicy alternatives; Concentration of efforts to maximize the impact of availabel reources; Better coordination of research and technology transfer activities; Increasing national research capacities through donor assistance; Multiplying national research capacities through networking and international cooperation.
Overview; Morphology and physiology of rice ratoons; Rice ratooning in practice; Evaluation and potential of rice ratooning; Cultural practices; Genetics and varietal improvement.