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This book examines sex and gender differences in the causes and expression of medical conditions, including mental health disorders. Sex differences are variations attributable to individual reproductive organs and the XX or XY chromosomal complement. Gender differences are variations that result from biological sex as well as individual self-representation which include psychological, behavioural, and social consequences of an individual’s perceived gender. Gender is still a neglected field in psychopathology, and gender differences is often incorrectly used as a synonym of sex differences. A reconsideration of the definition of gender, as the term that subsumes masculinity and femininity, could shed some light on this misperception and could have an effect in the study of health and disease. This second edition of Psychopathology clarifies the anthropological, cultural and social aspects of gender and their impact on mental health disorders. It focuses on gender perspective as a paradigm not only in psychopathology but also in mental health disorders. As such it promotes open mindedness in the definition and perception of symptoms, as well as assumptions about those symptoms, and raises awareness of mental health.
This book presents an overview of Mexican ethnopsychology, an original theoretical and methodological approach that seeks to complement the mainstream psychological science – based on universal principles, processes and constructs – with scientific methods to study the idiosyncratic features and behaviors typical of specific cultural groups. It proposes a historic-bio-psycho-socio-cultural theoretical model to describe research findings of social, psychological, collective and individual phenomena. Psychology is at a crossroads of years of research with stress on internal validity and little attention to contextual and cultural variables. It becomes fundamental to continue on the internal validity track but at the same time incorporate external validity issues. The growth of indigenous movements and data allows for a profound evaluation of the extents to which apparent universal phenomena are truly universal, and to what extent they are idiosyncratic manifestations of the cultures where the mainstream research is conducted. Mexican ethnopsychologists have been following this path for decades, since the pioneer work of Rogelio Díaz-Guerrero, but until now little has been published in English about this innovative theoretical approach. Ethnopsychology – Pieces from the Mexican Research Gallery fills this gap by presenting the international community an overview of Mexican ethnopsychology and thus providing a useful tool to behavioral, social and health scientists interested in understanding how culture shapes both collective and individual behaviors.
A partir de un estudio de las diversas normas de los organismos regionales de control basadas en los estandares de derecho internacional humanitario se realiza un analisis mundial de las diversas formas que adquiere la violencia de genero en perjuicio, principalmente, de las mujeres y personas LGTB. El delito de violencia de genero puede incluir, entre otros, el aborto selectivo en funcion del sexo, infanticidio femenino, trafico de personas, violaciones sexuales durante periodo de guerra, homicidios a causa de la dote, matrimonios forzados, ataques homofobicos hacia personas o grupos LGTB, etc. Luego de analizar los muestreos de los casos en los diversos paises del mundo, posiblemente se generen interrogantes intelectuales acerca de la situacion real en occidente y oriente y de la necesidad de realizar un trabajo mancomunado mundial en aras de lograr que la igualdad de genero deje de ser una utopia y un precepto meramente declarativo.
Few publications have changed the landscape of contemporary psychology more than Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman's landmark work, Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Its publication in 1984 set the course for years of research on the dynamic processes of psychological stress and coping in human beings.Now more than a quarter-century later, The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping pushes the field even further with a comprehensive overview of the newest and best work in this dynamic subject. Edited by Susan Folkman and comprising chapters by the field's leading scientists, this new volume details the expanded knowledge base that has emerged from extensive research on stress and coping processes over the last several decades.Featuring 22 topic-based chapters -- including two by Folkman -- this volume offers unprecedented coverage of the two primary research topics related to stress and coping: mitigating stress-related harms and sustaining well-being in the face of stress. Both topics are addressed within their relevant contexts, including chronic illness, calamity, bereavement, and social hardship.The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping is an essential reference work for students, practitioners, and researchers across the fields of health psychology, medicine, and palliative care.
This book is the first of two volumes that bring together the works presented at the congress "Contributions of Psychology to COVID-19", organized by the Interamerican Society of Psychology in 2020. This was one of the first virtual international meetings on psychology and COVID-19 in the world and brought together researchers and professionals from South, Central and North America in a single online event. The content of both volumes includes many of the first issues addressed by researchers, scholars, and practitioners across the Americas at the start of the pandemic – before vaccines, before knowledge of treatment and impact, before our worlds and daily lives were forever changed. Chapters in the first volume focus on the impacts of the pandemic in mental health, social and family dynamics, educational processes and the work of health professionals. Chapters in the second volume are dedicated to studies addressing the impacts of the pandemic in vulnerable populations; proposals of psychological interventions to deal with the distress caused by COVID-19; strategies of coping, resilience and adaptation; and the development of psychological instruments of measurement and assessments during the pandemic. The content of these two volumes marks a baseline for the collective work initiated by psychologists who came together to answer the call to combat the pandemic across the Americas. In that sense, both volumes are truly a “snapshot in time” that could help us assess in the future how much progress we have made to apply psychology to the pressing demands of our time.
Gender has a fundamental influence on the human brain, not only by virtue of biological and hormonal differences between the sexes but also because of the impact of gender-specific cultural, social, anthropological and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the relation of gender and psychopathology remains a largely neglected field. Gender perspective has been treated as a paradigm in this book on psychopathology because it determines the way in which a psychiatric symptom is defined, perceived and understood. This conception of gender as being of key importance in the definition of psychiatric symptomatology is exceptional in the literature. The book opens by examining historical and cultural aspects of mental health in women worldwide and the relation of sex, brain and gender, with coverage of both neurobiological and psychosocial aspects. The significance of gender with regard to specific aspects of psychopathology is then addressed in detail. A wide range of psychological disorders are considered, as well as hormonal influences and issues concerning body image, self identity, sexuality and life instinct. It is hoped that this book will make a significant contribution in ensuring that gender perspective receives due attention within descriptive psychopathology.