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In the years following reconstruction, newly founded southern colleges for Afro-Americans admitted hundreds of black women students. The students left these schools imbued with Christian missionary zeal and a strong sense of racial solidarity. Determined to use their educations to benefit other Afro-Americans, they became indefatigable educators, social workers, nurses, and organizers of local and national groups dedicated to community improvement and social change. Afro-American Women of the South and the Advancement of the Race brings to light the remarkable accomplishments of these black women in public and private education, social welfare, public health, and civil rights. Through a detailed examination of black clubwomen's activities in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, and Virginia, Cynthia Neverdon-Morton reveals the origins of female networks with national importance during the Progressive era and beyond. --From dust jacket.
" . . . pioneering. . . . This history, as Hine vividly depicts it, sheds light on the development of African-American professionals and offers as well the opportunity to analyze the intersection of race and gender." —The Nation " . . . well-researched and innovative . . . Highly recommended." —Library Journal "The book is full of poignant and sympathetic portraits of black nurses in their dedication and idealism, in their pain and anger at the relentless contempt of white nurses and in their deep concern for their community's health needs. . . . Hine has brilliantly fulfilled an aim other historians have neglected . . . " —The Women's Review of Books "This well-researched book adds breadth and depth to the existing literature on the educational and professional history of black nurses, including the development of black hospitals and training schools in the US. . . . Highly recommended." —Choice " . . . an important book not only because it is a serious effort to analyze nursing history in the context of American racism but also because it offers a vantage point on the experiences of black women at work." —Medical Humanities Review "Darlene Clark Hine has written a thoughtful analysis of the struggles of African Americans striving for professional status and recognition. . . . an illuminating study of the interaction of race and gender in the construction of a professional identity." —The Journal of American History This pathbreaking study analyzes the impact of racism on the development of the nursing profession, particularly on black women in the profession, during the first half of this century. Hine uncovers shameful episodes in nursing history and probes the nature and extent of racial conflict and cooperation in the profession.
With this purported new "era of high-profile, mega successful, black women who are changing the face of every major field worldwide" and growing socioeconomic diversity among black women as the backdrop, Embracing Sisterhood seeks to determine where contemporary black women's ideas of black womanhood and sisterhood merge with social class status to shape certain attachments and detachments among them. Similarities as well as variations in how black women of different social backgrounds perceive and live black womanhood are interpreted for a range of social contexts. This book confirms what many of today's African-American women and interested observers have known for some time: Conceptions and experience of black womanhood are quite diverse and appear to have grown more diverse over time. However, the potential for a pervasive and polarizing black "step-sisterhood" is considerably undermined by the passion with which these women cling to the promises of cross-class gender/ethnic "community" and of group determination. Embracing Sisterhood draws its analysis from in-depth interviews with eighty-eight contemporary black women aged 18 to 89 covering a variety of issues prompted by a survey questionnaire capturing various dimensions of gender/ethnic identity and consciousness.
Fifteen leading historians of women and American history explore women's political action from 1830 to the present. While illustrating the scope and racial, ethnic, and class diversity of women's public activism, they also clarify conceptual issues. "Establishes important links between citizenship, race, and gender following the Reconstruction amendments and the Dawes Act of 1887." -- Sharon Hartmann Strom, American Historical Review
The Civil War and Reconstruction changed the face of social welfare provision in the South as thousands of people received public assistance for the first time in their lives. This book examines the history of southern social welfare institutions and policies in those formative years. Ten original essays explore the local nature of welfare and the limited role of the state prior to the New Deal. The contributors consider such factors as southern distinctiveness, the impact of gender on policy and practice, and ways in which welfare practices reinforced social hierarchies. By examining the role of the South’s unique political economy, the impact of racism on social institutions, and the region’s experience of war, this book makes it clear that the South’s social welfare story is no mere carbon copy of the nation’s.
This collection of essays on American history reflects recent scholarship. Contributors new to this edition include Gary Nash, Arthur Schlesinger, Richard P. McCormick, Gerda Lerner, Ellen C. DuBois, Vicki L. Ruiz, Nathan I. Huggins, John Lewis Gaddis, Paul Kennedy and Kevin P. Philips. Edited by Gerald N. Grob and George Athan Billias.
The so-called New Negroes of the period between World Wars I and II embodied a new sense of racial pride and upward mobility for the race. Many of them thought that relationships between spouses could be a crucial factor in realizing this dream. But there
Using the "the Negro Problem" in African American literature as a point of departure, this book focuses on the profound impact that racism had on the literary imagination of black Americans, specifically those in the South. Although the South has been one of the most enduring sites of criticism in American Studies and in American literary history, Johnson argues that it is impossible to consider what the "South" and what "southernness" mean as cultural references without looking at how black women have contributed to and contested any unified definition of that region. Johnson challenges the homogeneity of a "white" South and southern cultural identity by recognizing how fictional and historical black women are underacknowledged agents of cultural change. Johnson regards the South as a cultural region that (re)constructs black womanhood, but she also considers how black womanhood have transformed the South. Specialists in nineteenth and twentieth century American literature will find this book a necessary addition, as will scholars of African American Literature and History.
The historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction has earned increasing attention from scholars. Only recently, however, have historians begun to explore African American efforts to interpret those events. With Defining Moments, Kathleen Clark shines new light on African American commemorative traditions in the South, where events such as Emancipation Day and Fourth of July ceremonies served as opportunities for African Americans to assert their own understandings of slavery, the Civil War, and Emancipation--efforts that were vital to the struggles to define, assert, and defend African American freedom and citizenship. Focusing on urban celebrations that drew crowds from surrounding rural areas, Clark finds that commemorations served as critical forums for African Americans to define themselves collectively. As they struggled to assert their freedom and citizenship, African Americans wrestled with issues such as the content and meaning of black history, class-inflected ideas of respectability and progress, and gendered notions of citizenship. Clark's examination of the people and events that shaped complex struggles over public self-representation in African American communities brings new understanding of southern black political culture in the decades following Emancipation and provides a more complete picture of historical memory in the South.
"Paul Ortiz's lyrical and closely argued study introduces us to unknown generations of freedom fighters for whom organizing democratically became in every sense a way of life. Ortiz changes the very ways we think of Southern history as he shows in marvelous detail how Black Floridians came together to defend themselves in the face of terror, to bury their dead, to challenge Jim Crow, to vote, and to dream."—David R. Roediger, author of Colored White: Transcending the Racial Past “Emancipation Betrayed is a remarkable piece of work, a tightly argued, meticulously researched examination of the first statewide movement by African Americans for civil rights, a movement which since has been effectively erased from our collective memory. The book poses a profound challenge to our understanding of the limits and possibilities of African American resistance in the early twentieth century. This analysis of how a politically and economically marginalized community nurtures the capacity for struggle speaks as much to our time as to 1919.”—Charles Payne, author of I’ve Got the Light of Freedom