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Over the last fifty years, Americans attitude of psychotherapy has become more accepting. However, in the African American community the attitudes have not been as accepting. Thompson, Bazile, and Akbar (2004) documented that African Americans had utilized alternative resources such as friends, the church and other community resources, in attending to commonly treatable mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety). The purpose of this dissertation is to discover the attitudes of African American psychologists toward psychotherapy. Jordan, Bogat, and Smith (2001) hypothesized that African American professional psychologists will be the future of conducting research with African Americans, because of their cultural knowledge, communal ties and psychological professionalism. This development could have huge implications in changing the attitudes of the African American communitys position towards psychotherapy, depending on these psychologists own views of psychotherapy for African Americans. Eighty-nine African American psychologists served as participants. They were asked to respond to scales that measured attitudes of receiving professional psychological help, Africentrism, and psychological stigma. The participants were surveyed electronically using Survey Monkey and email. Data analyses using correlational analyses and ANOVAs determined that African American psychologists with more positive attitudes towards receiving professional psychological help and who indicate a strong identification with Africentric values are less likely to associate social stigma with psychological treatment. There were no significant differences with regard to the African American psychologists gender, educational level, area of work expertise, and years of professional experience and their scores on three measures, the Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (Fischer and Turner, 1970), Africentrism (Grills and Longshore, 1996), and Social Stigma for Receiving Psychological Help (Komiya, et al., 2000). This study shed light on foundational aspects of African American psychologists attitudes. It appeared that many variables, including education and training from the professional psychological community, may have had a positive effect on African American psychologists attitudes towards help-seeking behavior and psychotherapy when compared to the views of African Americans in the community.
This study examined cultural mistrust, racial identity and masculinity as influences on the attitudes of African American males toward psychotherapy. The sample consisted of 101 African American male undergraduate and graduate students. Participants completed the Cultural Mistrust Inventory (CMI), Racial Identity Attitudes Scale (RIAS-B), Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) Gender Role Conflict Scale (GCRS) and Attitudes toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPH). Pearson r correlations indicated a significant relationship between racial identity and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (r =-.314), but no significant correlation between cultural mistrust and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (r =-.184), nor between masculinity and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (r =-.045, .010, -.225). A regression analysis, with cultural mistrust, racial identity and masculinity as predictor variables and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help as the criterion, indicated no significant predictors (R=.135, R2=.060). Limitations of this study, as well as implications and recommendations for future research and practice, are discussed.
African American Patients in Psychotherapy integrates history, current events, arts, psychoanalytic thinking, and case studies to provide a model for understanding the social and historical dimensions of psychological development. Among the topics included are psychological consequences of slavery and Jim Crow, the black patient and the white therapist, the toll of even “small” racist enactments, the black patient’s uneasy relationship with health care providers, and a revisiting of the idea of “black rage.” Author Ruth Fallenbaum also examines the psychological potential of reparation for centuries of slave labor and legalized wage and property theft.
The Handbook of African American Psychology provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in African American psychology. It presents theoretical, empirical, and practical issues that are foundational to African American psychology. It synthesizes the debates in the field and research designed to understand the psychological, cognitive, and behavioral development of African Americans. The breadth and depth of the coverage in this handbook offers both foundational material and current developments. Although similar topics will be covered in this text that are included in other works, this will be the only work in which experts in the field write on contemporary debates related to these topics. Moreover, the proposed text incorporates other issues that are typically not covered in related books. The contributing authors also identify gaps in the literature and point to future directions in research, training, and practice. Key Features: Contains the writings of renowned editors and contributors: The most well-respected and accomplished editors and authors in the area of African American psychology, and psychology in general, have come together to lend their expert analysis of issues and research in this field. Designed for course use: With a consistent format from chapter to chapter and sections on historical development, cutting-edge theories, assessment, intervention, methodology, and development issues, instructors will find this handbook appropriate for use with upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level classes Offers unique coverage: The authors discuss issues not typically found in other books on African American psychology, such as ethics, certification, the gifted and talented, Hip-Hop and youth culture, common misconceptions about African Americans, and within-group differences related to gender, class, age, and sexual orientation.
Focusing on the breadth of issues that affect psychotherapy with African American women, this unique volume is designed to help clinicians develop a broader understanding of what is useful and what is problematic when applying psychodynamic concepts to their clients. From an array of seasoned clinicians, chapters present innovative and creative reformulations of theory and technique that build upon and challenge existing models. Issues addressed include the psychological dilemmas confronting diverse African American women as they negotiate a society that is hostile to them on multiple levels; how ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation and other differences come into play within the therapeutic dyad; and approaches to unraveling the complex interplay of sociopolitical, intrapsychic, and interpersonal concerns in treatment. Filled with illustrative clinical material and pointers for practice, the volume will enhance the cultural competence of mental heath practitioners and students across a range of disciplines.
This book deals with the importance of issues of race and culture in psychological interventions and provides the reader with the tools necessary for this kind of work, combining a theoretical background with practical exercises. The book is divided into three parts: Part 1, Who enters the process describes the theory and history of the importance of becoming a race and culture sensitive therapist. Part 2, The process, discusses nuances and themes across different counseling situations like group interventions and career counseling. Part 3, Observing the process, looks back at the effectiveness of race and culture sensitivity in counseling and therapy. Integrates racial/cultural issues into traditional counseling theories (chs. 7 and 8). Integrates racial/cultural issues throughout the therapy process (chs. 6, 9 and 10). Applies racial/cultural constructs to various aspects of counseling and therapy (chs 10, 11 and 13). For counselors and clinical psychology practitioners with an interest in the issues of race and culture.
For courses in Introduction to Psychology, African American Psychology, African American Studies, Multicultural Counseling and Cross Cultural Counseling and Psychotherapy. This text highlights the limitations of traditional psychological theories and approaches when applied to people of African descent. It provides information on how the African Centered Perspective is defined, as well as how it operates in the context of the African American family with regard to identity development, education, mental health, research, and managing contemporary issues. It links the context of African American life to the traditions, values and spiritual essence of their African ancestors in an attempt to acknowledge the African worldview and assist the African American community in addressing some of the challenges they continue to face.
While the effects of negative attitudes on therapy and therapy-seeking and client/therapist racial matching have been widely researched, the findings are mixed and have yet to conclude if there are differences between African American and Caucasian American attitudes. The current study sought to better understand how African American and Caucasian American participants differed in their attitudes toward therapy, therapy-seeking, and desires for a racially similar therapist. Procedure: Participants were recruited online via MTurk and participated in 2 Implicit Association Tests and 1 Questionnaire. Results: While there was no difference between the groups in terms of implicit or explicit attitudes toward therapy or therapy-seeking, on average, Caucasian Americans had a slight implicit preference for a similarly-raced therapist compared to African Americans who, on average, had neutral implicit attitudes toward race of therapist, but were more likely to explicitly prefer a similarly raced therapist than Caucasian Americans. The more negative an attitude toward therapy, the more a participant of either race preferred a similarly raced therapist. Conclusion: Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are offered, and the limitations of the study are discussed.