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As an extension of studies previously completed, a test was conducted in the Propulsion Wind Tunnel, Supersonic (16S), to determine the effect of Mach number on the drag, stability, and inflation characteristics of a number of parachutes. The parachute characteristics were investigated at Mach numbers from 1.8 to 3.0 at pressure altitudes from 82,000 to 104,000 ft. Two general types of parachutes were tested: the hyperflo-type parachute using three general design concepts with porosities from 7.0 to 10.9 percent and the hemisflo-type parachute with and without reefing. Data obtained indicated that the hyperflo parachutes had good inflation characteristics at Mach number 2.6 and the drag decreased with increasing Mach number. The hemisflo parachutes had good inflation characteristics in the 1.8 to 2.2 Mach number range. For any given configuration, the stability was found to be essentially constant with varying Mach number. (Author).
The purpose of this manual is to provide recovery system engineers in government and industry with tools to evaluate, analyze, select, and design parachute recovery systems. These systems range from simple, one-parachute assemblies to multiple-parachute systems, and may include equipment for impact attenuation, flotation, location, retrieval, and disposition. All system aspects are discussed, including the need for parachute recovery, the selection of the most suitable recovery system concept, concept analysis, parachute performance, force and stress analysis, material selection, parachute assembly and component design, and manufacturing. Experienced recovery system engineers will find this publication useful as a technical reference book; recent college graduates will find it useful as a textbook for learning about parachutes and parachute recovery systems; and technicians with extensive practical experience will find it useful as an engineering textbook that includes a chapter on parachute- related aerodynamics. In this manual, emphasis is placed on aiding government employees in evaluating and supervising the design and application of parachute systems. The parachute recovery system uses aerodynamic drag to decelerate people and equipment moving in air from a higher velocity to a lower velocity and to a safe landing. This lower velocity is known as rate of descent, landing velocity, or impact velocity, and is determined by the following requirements: (1) landing personnel uninjured and ready for action, (2) landing equipment and air vehicles undamaged and ready for use or refurbishment, and (3) impacting ordnance at a preselected angle and velocity.
"This report consists of lecture notes of an AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel Special Course. These notes provide the latest information on the development and use of dynamic experiments in wind tunnels from several of the NATO nations. They address current oscillatory and rotary test techniques, experimental results for typical configurations, and the use of these data for flight mechanics applications. Subject included are: dynamic lift, wing rock, fluid dynamics of rotary flows, mathematical modelling, non-linear data representation, vortex manipulation for control enhancement, and correlations of predictions based on rotary and oscillatory wind-tunnel and flight-test results. The complete course notes are contained in two volumes. The main part of the notes is contained in AGARD Advisory Report 265 (ADA235179). The present volume includes papers on: Unsteady aerodynamics of slender wings; Dynamic stall effects and applications to high performance aircraft; Oscillatory test techniques; Large amplitude oscillations; Oscillatory data for typical configurations; and Forebody vortex control."--Stinet.
Fundamentals of Aeroacoustics with Applications to Aeropropulsion Systems from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press Aerospace series, is the go-to reference on the topic, providing a modern take on the fundamental theory and applications relating to prediction and control of all major noise sources in aeropropulsion systems. This important reference compiles the latest knowledge and research advances, considering both the physics of aerodynamic noise generation in aero-engines and related numerical prediction techniques. Additionally, it introduces new vortex sound interaction models, a transfer element method, and a combustion instability model developed by the authors. Focusing on propulsion systems from inlet to exit, including combustion noise, this new resource will aid graduate students, researchers, and R&D engineers in solving the aircraft noise problems that currently challenge the industry. Updates the knowledge-base on the sound source generated by aeropropulsion systems, from inlet to exit, including combustion noise Covers new aerodynamic noise control technology aimed at the low-noise design of next generation aero-engines, including topics such as aerodynamic noise and aero-engine noise control Includes new, cutting-edge models and methods developed by an author team led by the editor-in-chief of the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics Considers both the physics of aerodynamic noise generation in aero-engines and related numerical prediction techniques
Dr. H. S. Tsien (also known as Dr. Qian Xuesen), is celebrated as the leader of the research that produced China's first ballistic missiles, its first satellite, and the Silkworm anti-ship missile. This volume collects the scientific works of Dr. H. S. Tsien (also known as Dr. Qian Xuesen) and his co-authors, which published between 1938—1956 when he was studying and working in the United States as a graduate student, scientist and professor, when aeronautic exploration stepped up from low speed to high speed regimes and astronautic technology entered its infant stage. - The author is one of the most significant Chinese scientists in the past 70 years - Focuses on a series of key problems in aerodynamics, stability of shells, rocket ballistics and engine analyses - Collects Tsien's work as author and co-author from his time working in the US
Ten flight tests of modified-ringsail, disk-gap-band, and cross parachute configurations with deployment at Mach numbers and dynamic pressures corresponding to conditions expected during entry into a Martian atmosphere have been completed. Comparison of flight results indicates that theoretical snatch force values were never exceeded when the deployment techniques of these tests were used. Opening loads showed no definite trend with Mach number. Values for filling times compared favorably with generally accepted empirical curves based on 15-percent geometric porosity. Canopy stability was good when Mach numbers were below 1.4 for the modified-ringsail and disk-gap-band configurations.