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In 1992 we initiated a research project on large scale distributed computing systems (LSDCS). It was a collaborative project involving research institutes and universities in Bologna, Grenoble, Lausanne, Lisbon, Rennes, Rocquencourt, Newcastle, and Twente. The World Wide Web had recently been developed at CERN, but its use was not yet as common place as it is today and graphical browsers had yet to be developed. It was clear to us (and to just about everyone else) that LSDCS comprising several thousands to millions of individual computer systems (nodes) would be coming into existence as a consequence both of technological advances and the demands placed by applications. We were excited about the problems of building large distributed systems, and felt that serious rethinking of many of the existing computational paradigms, algorithms, and structuring principles for distributed computing was called for. In our research proposal, we summarized the problem domain as follows: “We expect LSDCS to exhibit great diversity of node and communications capability. Nodes will range from (mobile) laptop computers, workstations to supercomputers. Whereas mobile computers may well have unreliable, low bandwidth communications to the rest of the system, other parts of the system may well possess high bandwidth communications capability. To appreciate the problems posed by the sheer scale of a system comprising thousands of nodes, we observe that such systems will be rarely functioning in their entirety.
The primary audience for this book are advanced undergraduate students and graduate students. Computer architecture, as it happened in other fields such as electronics, evolved from the small to the large, that is, it left the realm of low-level hardware constructs, and gained new dimensions, as distributed systems became the keyword for system implementation. As such, the system architect, today, assembles pieces of hardware that are at least as large as a computer or a network router or a LAN hub, and assigns pieces of software that are self-contained, such as client or server programs, Java applets or pro tocol modules, to those hardware components. The freedom she/he now has, is tremendously challenging. The problems alas, have increased too. What was before mastered and tested carefully before a fully-fledged mainframe or a closely-coupled computer cluster came out on the market, is today left to the responsibility of computer engineers and scientists invested in the role of system architects, who fulfil this role on behalf of software vendors and in tegrators, add-value system developers, R&D institutes, and final users. As system complexity, size and diversity grow, so increases the probability of in consistency, unreliability, non responsiveness and insecurity, not to mention the management overhead. What System Architects Need to Know The insight such an architect must have includes but goes well beyond, the functional properties of distributed systems.
DISC, the International Symposium on Distributed Computing, is an annual conference for the presentation of research on the theory, design, analysis, implementation, and application of distributed systems and network. DISC 2004 was held on October 4-7, 2004, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. There were 142 papers submitted to DISC this year. These were read and evaluated by the program committee members, assisted by external reviewers. The quality of submissions was high and we were unable to accept many dese- ing papers. Thirty one papers were selected at the program committee meeting in Lausanne to be included in these proceedings. The proceedings include an extended abstract of the invited talk by Ueli Maurer. In addition, they include a eulogy for Peter Ruzicka by Shmuel Zaks. The Best Student Paper Award was split and given to two papers: the paper “Efficient Adaptive Collect Using Randomization”, co-authored by Hagit Attiya, Fabian Kuhn, Mirjam Wattenhofer and Roger Wattenhofer, and the paper “Coupling and Self-stabilization”,co-authored by Laurent Fribourg, Stephane Messika and Claudine Picaronny. The support of the CWI and EPFL is gratefully acknowledged. The review process and the preparation of this volume were done using CyberChairPRO. I also thank Sebastien Baehni and Sidath Handurukande for their crucial help with these matters. August 2004 Rachid Guerraoui Peter Ruzicka 1947-2003 Peter died on Sunday, October 5, 2003, at the age of 56, after a short disease. He was a Professor of Informatics at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics in Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. Those of us who knew him through DISC and other occasions mourn his death and cherish his memory
The highly praised book in communications networking from IEEE Press, now available in the Eastern Economy Edition.This is a non-mathematical introduction to Distributed Operating Systems explaining the fundamental concepts and design principles of this emerging technology. As a textbook for students and as a self-study text for systems managers and software engineers, this book provides a concise and an informal introduction to the subject.
The functionality of distributed computing systems has advanced greatly in recent months, and staying abreast of the latest research within the field is difficult. Technology Integration Advancements in Distributed Systems and Computing offers a vital compendium of research and developments within the field of distributed computing, giving case studies, frameworks, architectures, and best practices for academics and practitioners alike. With authors from around the world and the latest research from experts within the field, this resource acts as both a reference guide and research handbook.
A one-volume guide to the most essential techniques for designing and building dependable distributed systems Instead of covering a broad range of research works for each dependability strategy, this useful reference focuses on only a selected few (usually the most seminal works, the most practical approaches, or the first publication of each approach), explaining each in depth, usually with a comprehensive set of examples. Each technique is dissected thoroughly enough so that readers who are not familiar with dependable distributed computing can actually grasp the technique after studying the book. Building Dependable Distributed Systems consists of eight chapters. The first introduces the basic concepts and terminology of dependable distributed computing, and also provides an overview of the primary means of achieving dependability. Checkpointing and logging mechanisms, which are the most commonly used means of achieving limited degree of fault tolerance, are described in the second chapter. Works on recovery-oriented computing, focusing on the practical techniques that reduce the fault detection and recovery times for Internet-based applications, are covered in chapter three. Chapter four outlines the replication techniques for data and service fault tolerance. This chapter also pays particular attention to optimistic replication and the CAP theorem. Chapter five explains a few seminal works on group communication systems. Chapter six introduces the distributed consensus problem and covers a number of Paxos family algorithms in depth. The Byzantine generals problem and its latest solutions, including the seminal Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm and a number of its derivatives, are introduced in chapter seven. The final chapter details the latest research results surrounding application-aware Byzantine fault tolerance, which represents an important step forward in the practical use of Byzantine fault tolerance techniques.
Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Control Paradigms presents a valuable survey about existing architectures for safety-critical applications and discusses the issues that must be considered when moving from a federated to an integrated architecture. The book focuses on one key topic - the amalgamation of the event-triggered and the time-triggered control paradigm into a coherent integrated architecture. The architecture provides for the integration of independent distributed application subsystems by introducing multi-criticality nodes and virtual networks of known temporal properties. The feasibility and the tangible advantages of this new architecture are demonstrated with practical examples taken from the automotive industry. Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Control Paradigms offers significant insights into the architecture and design of integrated embedded systems, both at the conceptual and at the practical level.