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This book explains how to use intravitreal steroids optimally in the management of patients with intraocular inflammation (uveitis) and macular edema. The rationale for this treatment approach is first explained by examining the pathophysiology of these disease entities, with particular attention to the major role of inflammatory processes. Devices for the delivery of steroids to the eye are discussed, and guidance provided on the role of imaging studies before, during, and after steroid therapy. The value of different steroidal approaches is then considered in detail. Other topics addressed include the use of steroids as a surgical adjunct and within a combination strategy. Uveitis and macular edema are common sight-threatening diseases or complications of diabetes and retinal vein occlusion for which no adequate treatment was available until recently. Both trainees and practitioners will find Intravitreal Steroids to be an invaluable aid in combating these blinding diseases.
Screening for diabetic retinopathy prevents blindness and visual impairment and offers a good cost-benefit ratio . Fundus photography is a more sensitive screening tool than ophthalmoscopy . The screening programme can be the responsibility of the primary care physician until the patient develops more than mild changes or the sight worsens. Thereafter decisions about the frequency and methods of screening are the responsibility of an ophthalmologist, as are all decisions regarding treatment needs (based on fundus photographs or clinical examination). The maintenance of optimal glycaemic control and risk factor management are the responsibility of the patient and those caring for him/her. The treatment of all changes within the eye belongs to an ophthalmologist. Visual rehabilitation should be started as soon as sight-threatening changes are noted in the fundus of a diabetic patient.
The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate, and diabetic retinopathy is one of the most significant complications of diabetes. Packed with outstanding retinal photos, the second edition of this one-stop clinical manual offers a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, treatment and long–term management of patients with diabetic eye disease. Edited and authored by world-renowned experts from leading centres of excellence, A Practical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management presents evidence-based guidance relevant for a global audience of health-care professionals, including diabetologists, ophthalmologists, retinal screeners, optometrists, ophthalmic nurses, GPs, and medical students.
Recently developed diagnostic and therapeutic technologies such as OCT-angiography and small gauge vitrectomy have influenced the modern treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This volume provides a summary of the state-of-the-art evidence-based approach to managing complications that may occur with diabetic retinopathy. It offers the latest information on pathogenesis and diagnosis, and highly experienced clinicians review the results of relevant randomized clinical trials that serve as the basis of current therapy. The book provides not only a summary of data from randomized trials but also an analysis and interpretation by internationally renowned experts. Ophthalmology residents, fellows, and practicing clinicians will find this book to be a useful reference when seeking evidence-based treatment strategies for various complications of diabetic retinopathy. It is also for researchers identifying new avenues of drug developments and for insurance professionals and health care policy administrators who are establishing evidence-based therapy guidelines for therapeutic intervention.
This textbook focuses on the vascular biology and physiology that underlie vascular disorders in clinical medicine. Vascular biomedicine is a rapidly growing field as new molecular mechanisms of vascular health and disease are unraveled. Many of the major cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke and vascular dementia are diseases of the vasculature. In addition vascular injury underpins conditions like kidney failure and cardiovascular complications of diabetes. This field is truly multidisciplinary involving scientists in many domains such as molecular and vascular biology, cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology and immunology and inflammation. Clinically, specialists across multiple disciplines are involved in the management of patients with vascular disorders, including cardiologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, neurologists and vascular surgeons. This book covers a wide range of topics and provides an overview of the discipline of vascular biomedicine without aiming at in-depth reviews, but rather offering up-to-date knowledge organized in concise and structured chapters, with key points and pertinent references. The structure of the content provides an integrative and translational approach from basic science (e.g. stem cells) to clinical medicine (e.g. cardiovascular disease). The content of this book is targeted to those who are new in the field of vascular biology and vascular medicine and is ideal for medical students, graduate and postgraduate students, clinical fellows and academic clinicians with an interest in the vascular biology and physiology of cardiovascular disease and related pathologies.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Featuring over 250 illustrations, this detailed full-color textbook provides up-to-date information on the use of fundus autofluorescence imaging in evaluation of retinal disease. Chapters describe the techniques available to image and quantify fundus autofluorescence and the autofluorescence patterns observed in the healthy eye and in various retinal diseases. Emphasis is on the value of fundus autofluorescence as a diagnostic and prognostic tool and its clinical utility in the context of other imaging techniques, such as fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography. Each chapter also discusses the value of fundus autofluorescence in understanding the pathogenesis of the condition, and provides a comprehensive update on all aspects of the condition. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an image bank.
Advanced techniques in eye care has significantly influenced how diseases and conditions are treated and diagnosed. While many strides have been made, there is still continuous research in the ophthalmology field. Ophthalmology: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the identification, treatment, and management methodologies of eye diseases and disorders. Highlighting a range of topics, such as retinal prosthesis, ocular diseases, and ophthalmoscopy, this publication is ideally designed for researchers, graduate-level students, and professionals in the medical field.
Diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem worldwide, and more than 75% of patients who have had diabetes mellitus for more than 20 years will have some sort of retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy correlates with the duration of diabetes; thus with increasing life expectancy, diabetic retinopathy and the ensuing blindness will tend to increase. In view of the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy throughout most of the world, a consultation on prevention of blindness from diabetes mellitus was convened by the World Health Organization to review the current status of diabetic retinopathy care and to define approaches to screening, early detection and management in populations in different settings. This publication reports on the findings of the consultation and provides recommendations and guidelines for the prevention and care of blindness from diabetes mellitus.