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In recent years, the cross-section between fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology has been increasing, both at the theoretical and experimental levels: particle physics experiments, astronomical observations, space satellite data. Such interplay fruitfully influenced research activity setting up Astrofundamental physics.Topics covered both theory and observations, and allowed for different approaches and different lines of research. Topics included are: dark matter, neutrinos in astrophysics, gamma-ray astrophysics, and a section devoted to gravity, cosmology and strings. Each of these topics has matter enough to constitute a course on its own. The interrelation between these topics is important and a source of problems at the frontiers of present knowledge and experimental limits. Latest available data are constraining theory and models in these topics. These lecture notes provide an occasion to review achievements, to confront theory and models with observations and among themselves, to exchange information on the latest developments and to discuss future prospects.
This volume provides an updated understanding of the progress and current problems in the interplay between fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology.In the last years, the cross section between these fields has been increasing, both at the theoretical and experimental levels: particle physics experiments, astronomical observations, space satellite data. Such interplay has fruitfully influenced research activity setting up Astrofundamental physics.Topics covered in this volume are: early universe, large scale structure of the universe, dark matter problem, cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational wave astronomy and neutrino astrophysics. The inter-relation between these topics is important and a source of problems at the frontiers of present knowledge and experimental limits. Latest available data are constraining theory and models in these topics. The book reviews achievements, confronts theory and models with observations and provides information on the latest developments and discussions on future prospects.It also includes a section on stellar spectroscopy and spectrophotometry which covers Daniel Chalonge's work as well as present progress and future prospects in these fields.
An up-to-date presentation of the progress and current problems in the early universe, cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure formation, and the interplay between them. The emphasis is on the mutual impact of fundamental physics and cosmology, both at theoretical and experimental (observational) levels within a deep, well- focused and well-defined programme. The nature of the domain itself leads to different aspects, approaches and points of view on the same topic. Special care has been taken to provide the reader the basis of the different, sometimes competing lines of research. All contributions are uniformly excellent, with a careful selection of the subjects and approaches covered, presenting a unifying and rigorous view of the field. Audience: experimentalists and theoreticians from a variety of backgrounds: physics, astrophysics and astronomy. An excellent reference for post-doctoral scientists. Useful for senior scientists and advanced graduate students.
This book provides an updated understanding of the progress and current problems in the interplay between fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology.
This NATO Advanced Study Institute provided an up dated understanding, from a fundamental and deep point of view, of the progress and current problems in the early universe, cosmic microwave background radiation, large scale structure, dark matter problem, and the interplay between them. The focus was placed on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Emphasis was given to the mutual impact of fundamental physics and cosmology, both at theoretical and experimental-or observational-levels, within a deep and well defined programme, and a global unifying view, which, in addition, provides of careful inter-disciplinarity. Special Lectures were devoted to neutrinos in astrophysics and high energy astrophysics. In addition, each Course of this series, introduced and promoted topics or subjects, which, although not being of purely astrophysical or cosmological nature, were of relevant physical interest for astrophysics and cosmology. Deep understanding, clarification, synthesis, careful interdisciplinarity within a fundamental physics framework, werethe maingoals ofthe course. Lectures ranged from a motivation and pedagogical introduction for students and participants not directly working in the field to the latest developmentsand most recent results. All Lectures were plenary, had the same duration and were followed by a discussion. The Course brought together experimentalists and theoretical physicists, astrophysicists and astronomers from a variety of backgrounds, including young scientists at post-doctoral level, senior scientists and advanced graduatestudentsas well.
The question of a possible temporal variation of the fundamental constants was raised by Paul Dirac in his "large number hypothesis" in 1937. Today it appears in the context of the search for a unified theory of the fundamental interactions. It touches both fundamental and applied physics, as the postulate of the unalterability of the constants is the foundation for modern metrology. The book presents reviews written by leading experts in the field. Focussing on the question of variations of the fundamental "constants" in time or space, the chapters cover the theoretical framework in which variations are expected and the search for variations of quantities like the fine-structure constant, the electron/proton mass ratio, g-factors of proton and neutron etc. in astrophysical and geophysical observations and in precision experiments with atomic clocks and frequency standards.
Energy and Mass in Relativity Theory presents about 30 pedagogical papers published by the author over the last 20 years. They deal with concepts central to relativity theory: energy E, rest energy E0, momentum p, mass m, velocity v of particles of matter, including massless photons for which v = c. Other related subjects are also discussed. According to Einstein's equation E0 = mc2, a massive particle at rest contains rest energy which is partly liberated in the nuclear reactions in the stars and the Sun, as well as in nuclear reactors and bombs on the Earth. The mass entering Einstein's equation does not depend on velocity of a body. This concept of mass is used in the physics of elementary particles and is gradually prevailing in the modern physics textbooks. This is the first book in which Einstein's equation is explicitly compared with its popular though not correct counterpart E = mc2, according to which mass increases with velocity. The book will be of interest to researchers in theoretical, atomic and nuclear physics, to historians of science as well as to students and teachers interested in relativity theory.
This advanced textbook provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the very active field of structure formation in cosmology. It is written by eleven world-leading authorities. Written in a clear and pedagogical style appropriate for graduate students in astronomy and physics, this textbook introduces the reader to a wide range of exciting topics in contemporary cosmology: from recent advances in redshift surveys, to the latest models in gravitational lensing and cosmological simulations. The authors are all world-renowned experts both for their research and teaching skills. In the fast-moving field of structure formation, this book provides advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a welcome textbook which unites the latest theory and observations.
The purpose of this meeting was to cover selected topics of high current interest in the interplay between cosmology and fundamental physics. It brought together physicists, astrophysicists and astronomers and allowed easy and fruitful mutual contacts and communication among them. Topics covered this year include: phase transitions in cosmology and evolution out of the equilibrium of quantum fields, fundamental strings and cosmic strings in cosmology, dark matter and large scale structure, black holes and quantum gravity.