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A synergistic approach to signal integrity for high-speed digital design This book is designed to provide contemporary readers with an understanding of the emerging high-speed signal integrity issues that are creating roadblocks in digital design. Written by the foremost experts on the subject, it leverages concepts and techniques from non-related fields such as applied physics and microwave engineering and applies them to high-speed digital design—creating the optimal combination between theory and practical applications. Following an introduction to the importance of signal integrity, chapter coverage includes: Electromagnetic fundamentals for signal integrity Transmission line fundamentals Crosstalk Non-ideal conductor models, including surface roughness and frequency-dependent inductance Frequency-dependent properties of dielectrics Differential signaling Mathematical requirements of physical channels S-parameters for digital engineers Non-ideal return paths and via resonance I/O circuits and models Equalization Modeling and budgeting of timing jitter and noise System analysis using response surface modeling Each chapter includes many figures and numerous examples to help readers relate the concepts to everyday design and concludes with problems for readers to test their understanding of the material. Advanced Signal Integrity for High-Speed Digital Designs is suitable as a textbook for graduate-level courses on signal integrity, for programs taught in industry for professional engineers, and as a reference for the high-speed digital designer.
This advanced-level reference presents a complete and unified theory of signal propagation for all metallic media from cables to pcb traces to chips. It includes numerous examples, pictures, tables and wide-ranging discussion of the high-speed properties of transmission lines.
Focused on the field of knowledge lying between digital and analog circuit theory, this new text will help engineers working with digital systems shorten their product development cycles and help fix their latest design problems. The scope of the material covered includes signal reflection, crosstalk, and noise problems which occur in high speed digital machines (above 10 megahertz). This volume will be of practical use to digital logic designers, staff and senior communications scientists, and all those interested in digital design.
High Speed Digital Design discusses the major factors to consider in designing a high speed digital system and how design concepts affect the functionality of the system as a whole. It will help you understand why signals act so differently on a high speed digital system, identify the various problems that may occur in the design, and research solutions to minimize their impact and address their root causes. The authors offer a strong foundation that will help you get high speed digital system designs right the first time. Taking a systems design approach, High Speed Digital Design offers a progression from fundamental to advanced concepts, starting with transmission line theory, covering core concepts as well as recent developments. It then covers the challenges of signal and power integrity, offers guidelines for channel modeling, and optimizing link circuits. Tying together concepts presented throughout the book, the authors present Intel processors and chipsets as real-world design examples. - Provides knowledge and guidance in the design of high speed digital circuits - Explores the latest developments in system design - Covers everything that encompasses a successful printed circuit board (PCB) product - Offers insight from Intel insiders about real-world high speed digital design
The importance of interconnect design - Ideal transmission line fundamentals - Crosstalk - Nonideal interconnect issues - Connectors, packages, and vias - Nonideal return paths, simultaneous switching noise, and power delivery - Buffer modeling - Digital timing analysis - Design methodologies - Radiated emissions compliance and system noise minimization - High-speed measurement techniques.
Cogently addressing the future of signal integrity and the effect it will have on the data transmission industry as a whole, this all-inclusive guide addresses a wide array of technologies, from traditional digital data transmission to microwave measurements, and accessibly examines the gap between the two. Focusing on real world applications and providing a wide array of case studies that show how each technology can be used—from backplane design challenges to advanced error correction techniques—this guide addresses many of today’s high-speed technologies while also providing excellent insight into their future direction. With numerous valuable lessons pertaining to the signal integrity industry, this resource is the ultimate must-read guide for any specialist in the design engineering field.
State-of-the-art JNB and SI Problem-Solving: Theory, Analysis, Methods, and Applications Jitter, noise, and bit error (JNB) and signal integrity (SI) have become today‘s greatest challenges in high-speed digital design. Now, there’s a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to overcoming these challenges, direct from Dr. Mike Peng Li, cochair of the PCI Express jitter standard committee. One of the field’s most respected experts, Li has brought together the latest theory, analysis, methods, and practical applications, demonstrating how to solve difficult JNB and SI problems in both link components and complete systems. Li introduces the fundamental terminology, definitions, and concepts associated with JNB and SI, as well as their sources and root causes. He guides readers from basic math, statistics, circuit and system models all the way through final applications. Emphasizing clock and serial data communications applications, he covers JNB and SI simulation, modeling, diagnostics, debugging, compliance testing, and much more.
A Signal Integrity Engineer’s Companion Real-Time Test and Measurement and Design Simulation Geoff Lawday David Ireland Greg Edlund Foreword by Chris Edwards, Editor, IET Electronics Systems and Software magazine Prentice Hall Modern Semiconductor Design Series Prentice Hall Signal Integrity Library Use Real-World Test and Measurement Techniques to Systematically Eliminate Signal Integrity Problems This is the industry’s most comprehensive, authoritative, and practical guide to modern Signal Integrity (SI) test and measurement for high-speed digital designs. Three of the field’s leading experts guide you through systematically detecting, observing, analyzing, and rectifying both modern logic signal defects and embedded system malfunctions. The authors cover the entire life cycle of embedded system design from specification and simulation onward, illuminating key techniques and concepts with easy-to-understand illustrations. Writing for all electrical engineers, signal integrity engineers, and chip designers, the authors show how to use real-time test and measurement to address today’s increasingly difficult interoperability and compliance requirements. They also present detailed, start-to-finish case studies that walk you through commonly encountered design challenges, including ensuring that interfaces consistently operate with positive timing margins without incurring excessive cost; calculating total jitter budgets; and managing complex tradeoffs in high-speed serial interface design. Coverage includes Understanding the complex signal integrity issues that arise in today’s high-speed designs Learning how eye diagrams, automated compliance tests, and signal analysis measurements can help you identify and solve SI problems Reviewing the electrical characteristics of today’s most widely used CMOS IO circuits Performing signal path analyses based on intuitive Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) techniques Achieving more accurate real-time signal measurements and avoiding probe problems and artifacts Utilizing digital oscilloscopes and logic analyzers to make accurate measurements in high-frequency environments Simulating real-world signals that stress digital circuits and expose SI faults Accurately measuring jitter and other RF parameters in wireless applications About the Authors: Dr. Geoff Lawday is Tektronix Professor in Measurement at Buckinghamshire New University, England. He delivers courses in signal integrity engineering and high performance bus systems at the University Tektronix laboratory, and presents signal integrity seminars throughout Europe on behalf of Tektronix. David Ireland, European and Asian design and manufacturing marketing manager for Tektronix, has more than 30 years of experience in test and measurement. He writes regularly on signal integrity for leading technical journals. Greg Edlund, Senior Engineer, IBM Global Engineering Solutions division, has participated in development and testing for ten high-performance computing platforms. He authored Timing Analysis and Simulation for Signal Integrity Engineers (Prentice Hall).
With the inclusion of the two new hot topics in signal integrity, power integrity and high speed serial links, this book will be the most up to date complete guide to understanding and designing for signal integrity.
Every day, companies call upon their signal integrity engineers to make difficult decisions about design constraints and timing margins. Can I move these wires closer together? How many holes can I drill in this net? How far apart can I place these chips? Each design is unique: there’s no single recipe that answers all the questions. Today’s designs require ever greater precision, but design guides for specific digital interfaces are by nature conservative. Now, for the first time, there’s a complete guide to timing analysis and simulation that will help you manage the tradeoffs between signal integrity, performance, and cost. Writing from the perspective of a practicing SI engineer and team lead, Greg Edlund of IBM presents deep knowledge and quantitative techniques for making better decisions about digital interface design. Edlund shares his insights into how and why digital interfaces fail, revealing how fundamental sources of pathological effects can combine to create fault conditions. You won’t just learn Edlund’s expert techniques for avoiding failures: you’ll learn how to develop the right approach for your own projects and environment. Coverage includes • Systematically ensure that interfaces will operate with positive timing margin over the product’s lifetime–without incurring excess cost • Understand essential chip-to-chip timing concepts in the context of signal integrity • Collect the right information upfront, so you can analyze new designs more effectively • Review the circuits that store information in CMOS state machines–and how they fail • Learn how to time common-clock, source synchronous, and high-speed serial transfers • Thoroughly understand how interconnect electrical characteristics affect timing: propagation delay, impedance profile, crosstalk, resonances, and frequency-dependent loss • Model 3D discontinuities using electromagnetic field solvers • Walk through four case studies: coupled differential vias, land grid array connector, DDR2 memory data transfer, and PCI Express channel • Appendices present a refresher on SPICE modeling and a high-level conceptual framework for electromagnetic field behavior Objective, realistic, and practical, this is the signal integrity resource engineers have been searching for. Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvi About the Author xix About the Cover xx Chapter 1: Engineering Reliable Digital Interfaces 1 Chapter 2: Chip-to-Chip Timing 13 Chapter 3: Inside IO Circuits 39 Chapter 4: Modeling 3D Discontinuities 73 Chapter 5: Practical 3D Examples 101 Chapter 6: DDR2 Case Study 133 Chapter 7: PCI Express Case Study 175 Appendix A: A Short CMOS and SPICE Primer 209 Appendix B: A Stroll Through 3D Fields 219 Endnotes 233 Index 235