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An essential guide to the intricacies of advanced arithmetic, covering topics such as logarithms, series, and progressions. Lyman's clear and concise explanations make this a valuable resource for students and teachers of mathematics alike. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This new and expanded edition is intended to help candidates prepare for entrance examinations in mathematics and scientific subjects, including STEP (Sixth Term Examination Paper). STEP is an examination used by Cambridge Colleges for conditional offers in mathematics. They are also used by some other UK universities and many mathematics departments recommend that their applicants practice on the past papers even if they do not take the examination. Advanced Problems in Mathematics bridges the gap between school and university mathematics, and prepares students for an undergraduate mathematics course. The questions analysed in this book are all based on past STEP questions and each question is followed by a comment and a full solution. The comments direct the reader's attention to key points and put the question in its true mathematical context. The solutions point students to the methodology required to address advanced mathematical problems critically and independently. This book is a must read for any student wishing to apply to scientific subjects at university level and for anyone interested in advanced mathematics.
The number one requirement for computer arithmetic has always been speed. It is the main force that drives the technology. With increased speed larger problems can be attempted. To gain speed, advanced processors and pro gramming languages offer, for instance, compound arithmetic operations like matmul and dotproduct. But there is another side to the computational coin - the accuracy and reliability of the computed result. Progress on this side is very important, if not essential. Compound arithmetic operations, for instance, should always deliver a correct result. The user should not be obliged to perform an error analysis every time a compound arithmetic operation, implemented by the hardware manufacturer or in the programming language, is employed. This treatise deals with computer arithmetic in a more general sense than usual. Advanced computer arithmetic extends the accuracy of the elementary floating-point operations, for instance, as defined by the IEEE arithmetic standard, to all operations in the usual product spaces of computation: the complex numbers, the real and complex intervals, and the real and complex vectors and matrices and their interval counterparts. The implementation of advanced computer arithmetic by fast hardware is examined in this book. Arithmetic units for its elementary components are described. It is shown that the requirements for speed and for reliability do not conflict with each other. Advanced computer arithmetic is superior to other arithmetic with respect to accuracy, costs, and speed.
In the introduction to the first volume of The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves (Springer-Verlag, 1986), I observed that "the theory of elliptic curves is rich, varied, and amazingly vast," and as a consequence, "many important topics had to be omitted." I included a brief introduction to ten additional topics as an appendix to the first volume, with the tacit understanding that eventually there might be a second volume containing the details. You are now holding that second volume. it turned out that even those ten topics would not fit Unfortunately, into a single book, so I was forced to make some choices. The following material is covered in this book: I. Elliptic and modular functions for the full modular group. II. Elliptic curves with complex multiplication. III. Elliptic surfaces and specialization theorems. IV. Neron models, Kodaira-Neron classification of special fibers, Tate's algorithm, and Ogg's conductor-discriminant formula. V. Tate's theory of q-curves over p-adic fields. VI. Neron's theory of canonical local height functions.
The theory of elliptic curves is distinguished by its long history and by the diversity of the methods that have been used in its study. This book treats the arithmetic approach in its modern formulation, through the use of basic algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. Following a brief discussion of the necessary algebro-geometric results, the book proceeds with an exposition of the geometry and the formal group of elliptic curves, elliptic curves over finite fields, the complex numbers, local fields, and global fields. Final chapters deal with integral and rational points, including Siegels theorem and explicit computations for the curve Y = X + DX, while three appendices conclude the whole: Elliptic Curves in Characteristics 2 and 3, Group Cohomology, and an overview of more advanced topics.
An authorised reissue of the long out of print classic textbook, Advanced Calculus by the late Dr Lynn Loomis and Dr Shlomo Sternberg both of Harvard University has been a revered but hard to find textbook for the advanced calculus course for decades.This book is based on an honors course in advanced calculus that the authors gave in the 1960's. The foundational material, presented in the unstarred sections of Chapters 1 through 11, was normally covered, but different applications of this basic material were stressed from year to year, and the book therefore contains more material than was covered in any one year. It can accordingly be used (with omissions) as a text for a year's course in advanced calculus, or as a text for a three-semester introduction to analysis.The prerequisites are a good grounding in the calculus of one variable from a mathematically rigorous point of view, together with some acquaintance with linear algebra. The reader should be familiar with limit and continuity type arguments and have a certain amount of mathematical sophistication. As possible introductory texts, we mention Differential and Integral Calculus by R Courant, Calculus by T Apostol, Calculus by M Spivak, and Pure Mathematics by G Hardy. The reader should also have some experience with partial derivatives.In overall plan the book divides roughly into a first half which develops the calculus (principally the differential calculus) in the setting of normed vector spaces, and a second half which deals with the calculus of differentiable manifolds.
This textbook covers a wide array of topics in analytic and multiplicative number theory, suitable for graduate level courses. Extensively revised and extended, this Advanced Edition takes a deeper dive into the subject, with the elementary topics of the previous edition making way for a fuller treatment of more advanced topics. The core themes of the distribution of prime numbers, arithmetic functions, lattice points, exponential sums and number fields now contain many more details and additional topics. In addition to covering a range of classical and standard results, some recent work on a variety of topics is discussed in the book, including arithmetic functions of several variables, bounded gaps between prime numbers à la Yitang Zhang, Mordell's method for exponential sums over finite fields, the resonance method for the Riemann zeta function, the Hooley divisor function, and many others. Throughout the book, the emphasis is on explicit results. Assuming only familiarity with elementary number theory and analysis at an undergraduate level, this textbook provides an accessible gateway to a rich and active area of number theory. With an abundance of new topics and 50% more exercises, all with solutions, it is now an even better guide for independent study.