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Social policy in developing countries has been substantially affected in recent years by economic crisis and structural adjustment, and perhaps more importantly, by the ascendance of neo-liberal ideology. By the late 1980s, the adverse effects of adjustment had become clear, and the resulting political opposition led many governments and their external supporters to design programmes meant to 'mitigate the social costs' of adjustment. The most visible of these are the 'social fund' or 'safety net' measures intended not only to address the social impacts of adjustment, but also to improve their social and political acceptability. In addition, they are seen by some as providing a model for new, more efficient and effective means of providing social service. This volume examines the goals, assumptions, impacts and possible long-term outcomes of social policy trends in developing countries.
In the last decade, market-centered economic reforms have been implemented in a wide range of developing and transitional countries under the auspices of the international financial institutions. Whether or not they deliver the promised prosperity, they appear to be associated with widening economic inequality as well as disadvantage for particular social groups, among them women and workers. "Recharacterizing Restructuring" argues that such effects are neither temporary nor accidental. Instead, efforts to promote growth through greater efficiency inevitably engage distributive concerns. Change in the status of different groups is connected to the process of legal and institutional reform. Part I analyzes the place of law and institutional reform in current economic restructuring policies. Through post-realist legal analysis and institutional economics, it discusses the role of background legal rules in the allocation of resources and power among different groups. Part II traces how disadvantage might result for women in the course of economic reform, through an analysis of the World Bank's proposals for states in transition from plan to market economies. It considers such foundational issues as the place of unpaid work in economic activity, as well as the gendered nature of proposals to re-organize productive activity and the role of the state.
First published in 1997. An introduction to the theory and practices of development in the third world, tracing the evolution of development theory over 40 years, and examining why so many of the benefits of development are still not shared by millions.
Improvements in social indicators have been substantial over the past 25 years, but they have not been the same for those at the top and bottom of the distribution. In fact, the social indicators for those at the bottom have worsened, in some cases, substantially. This annual publication reports on World Bank activities in fiscal year 1999 and provides an overview of what the Bank is doing to help countries face the challenge of reducing poverty. It also looks at the future of Bank assistance at the national, global and community levels. Action on these three fronts represents the beginnings of a new strategic direction, to be formulated in an implementation note after discussion of the 'World Development Report 2000/2001' on poverty is complete. This new strategic direction includes a major program of knowledge-sharing dissemination, training, and informed debate, centered around the 'World Development Report' and the 'Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook'.
Assembles the work of some 50 international policymakers, academics, leaders of public and private enterprise, and members of the media. Contributions address the massive and unfinished problem of human deprivation throughout the world in an era of abundance. The 48 articles address poverty, productive employment, social cohesion, and peace and security. Lacks an index and bibliography although some articles include notes. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
In recent years, the role of global institutions such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank has never been more important to the lives of individuals throughout the world. This edited book provides critical perspectives on the role of these institutions and how they use their policies, procedures and practices to manage global political, socio-economic, legal and environmental affairs. In contrast to previously published books on this subject, Global Governance is organized thematically rather than by institution. Each chapter examines core issues such as labour, finance, the environment, health, culture, gender, civil society, poverty and development. It should be essential reading for undergraduate students of international politics, international political economy and international economics.
This book deals with the repercussions of economic reform on the social sector in India. This has been an issue of debate in all countries of South Asia, which are characterised by a large population of poor, illiterate, and malnourished. Studying the two states of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, the book features analysis conducted both at the macro and micro levels, including centre, state, district, village and household level data. Divided into four parts, the chapters covers . The setting within which the analysis is conducted . The structural conditions governing social policy at the all-India and state-level prior to economic reform . The post-reform period, including a review of economic conditions and social sector expenditure at the level of the union government, the two states, and the districts . A detailed picture of the infrastructure of the selected villages in the two states
Annotation This book brings together different perspectives on the role of conditionality, drawing on the experiences and lessons learned by the donor community, NGO critics and academic circles, and the borrowing countries, and provides a board overview of contemporary approaches to conditionality in today's aid architecture.