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In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
Cross-cutting global and regional challenges have triggered or reinforced efforts by government in the Middle East and North Africa to undertake public governance reforms. These reforms aim to build sustainable and resilient administrations that better meet development objectives and citizens’ expectations. To support these efforts, the report looks at developments in key areas of public governance in the Middle East and North Africa over the past decade. It discusses governments’ strategic commitments, governance arrangements, capacities and practices to implement public governance reforms to achieve four main objectives: (1) growing sustainably; (2) spending public resources efficiently; (3) delivering services effectively; and (4) promoting open and inclusive societies. The report provides general strategic orientations and identifies areas of opportunity that can be adapted to different contexts, needs and priorities.
In the twenty-first century, gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) has emerged as a development tool that explores if and how gender equality goals and targets are being effectively supported through government funding. Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Practice: Lessons from Nigeria and Selected Developing Countries argues that, although justified by the high costs of gender inequality to economic growth and development, the use of GRB as a tool to achieve global and regional gender equality goals has seen little progress in the twenty-first century, especially in developing countries. Through analyses of government budgets and the budgeting process, and gender equality outcomes in Nigeria and the selected countries from 2000 to 2020, the contributors show that GRB has failed to gain traction or thrive in developing countries. Using these analyses, the contributors identify critical success factors that are missing in policy-making and planning in the developing world and must be integrated in order to further facilitate inclusive growth and sustainable development.
Incorporating HC 945-i, ii, and iii of session 2007-08. The DFID annual report 2009 published as HC 492, session 2007-08 (ISBN 9780102953664)
Gender budgeting is an approach to fiscal policy and administration that integrates considerations of women’s equality and advancement into the budget. Latin American countries have undertaken diverse gender budgeting initiatives, most of them addressing public expenditures. This paper surveys and assesses some key initiatives, including those in Mexico, Mexico City, Ecuador, Bolivia, and El Salvador, and briefly summarizes others. The five key initiatives offer different perspectives on how countries approach gender budgeting. We find that these initiatives are contributing to the reduction of gender inequality and the advancement of women in Latin America, though there is scope to strengthen them.
Gender budgeting is an initiative to use fiscal policy and administration to address gender inequality and women’s advancement. A large number of sub-Saharan African countries have adopted gender budgeting. Two countries that have achieved notable success in their efforts are Uganda and Rwanda, both of which have integrated gender-oriented goals into budget policies, programs, and processes in fundamental ways. Other countries have made more limited progress in introducing gender budgeting into their budget-making. Leadership by the ministry of finance is critical for enduring effects, although nongovernmental organizations and parliamentary bodies in sub-Saharan Africa play an essential role in advocating for gender budgeting.
Women play an important role in food systems as producers, wage-workers, processors, traders, entrepreneurs, and consumers. It is therefore essential that the food systems transformation agenda takes full cognizance of their needs and priorities, so that they can contribute and benefit equally from interventions. In ECOWAS countries, women still lag behind in accessing land, finance, technologies, services and markets. Their voices are not equally heard in the elaboration of policies, programmes and investment plans in the agrifood sector as their representation in leadership positions remains lower than that for men. Walking the talk in Rwanda is the result of ongoing partnership with ECOWAS Network of Parliamentarians on Gender Equality, Investments in Agriculture and Food Security, and its Advisory Group made of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Oxfam and Women in Law and Development in Africa (WILDAF) to advance gender equality in efforts to accelerate progress towards zero hunger. This report summaries the Learning Exchange that gave the ECOWAS Parliamentarians an exposure to the comprehensive Rwanda Model for gender equality and women’s empowerment in terms of governance, accountability, vision, and actions. it includes comments and reactions from some of the Parliamentarians.
Gender budgeting uses fiscal policies to promote gender equality and women’s advancement, but is struggling to take hold in the Middle East and Central Asia. We provide an overview of two gender budgeting efforts in the region—Morocco and Afghanistan. Achievements in these two countries include increasing female primary and secondary education enrollment rates and reducing maternal mortality. But the region not only needs to use fiscal policies for women’s advancement, but also reform tax and financial laws, enforce laws that assure women’s safety in public, and change laws that prevent women from taking advantage of employment opportunities.
Many teachers do not feel confident in their role, particularly as they are increasingly expected to address topics with their pupils that they feel ill-equipped to deal with. Co-authored by two highly experienced educators, All The Things They Never Told You About Teaching is an essential guide, supporting teachers in navigating those tricky, taboo subjects that sit outside of the national curriculum and may not have been fully explored during their teacher training. Each chapter unpacks and addresses a range of ‘myths’ and ‘truths’ behind these subjects in an accessible manner, helping teachers to develop their understanding and facilitate compassionate conversations about these topics. This includes, but is not limited to: Mental health Bullying Neurodiversity Gender diversity Sex and relationships Climate crisis A must read for anyone working in education, this book guides educators through sensitively addressing difficult topics within the classroom, creating a more compassionate and supportive learning environment for all.
This report provides insight and expounds lessons from the health sector to the broader challenges of aid effectiveness.