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This report is one of six sub-reports forming part of PES-A/phase 2 of a joint project addressing the development and evaluation of strategies for future plant protection policy in the EU. The project has been conducted under the aegis of DG XI of the European Commission, and the Dutch Ministry of the Environment (VROM). The starting point for the project (both Phase 1 and 2) was the hypothesis that intensive agricultural production in a large part of the EU has resulted in pollution from, inter alia, plant protection products (PPP), with resulting threats to groundwater, surface water, soil and air quality.
Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 lays down the main instruments for placing effective plant protection products (using pesticide substances) on the market that are safe for humans, animals and the environment, while at the same time ensuring effective functioning of the internal market and improved agricultural production. This European Implementation Assessment found that the above objectives, while largely relevant to real needs, are not being achieved in practice. In particular, implementation of the main instruments of the regulation – substance approval, plant protection products authorisation and enforcement of the regulatory decisions taken in the frame of the approvals and authorisations, is problematic, which also affect other related EU policies. Nevertheless, despite the implementation challenges observed, stakeholders – including national competent authorities, health/environment NGOs, manufacturers of substances and plant protection products and their users (farmers) – agree that the EU is the appropriate level at which regulatory action in the field of pesticides (used in plant protection products) should continue to take place.
This book explores the regulation of pesticides in the European Union in order to reveal the complex, controversial, and contested nature of an assessment system proudly declared by the EU to be ‘the strictest in the world’. The current regulatory framework is based on Regulation 1107/2009, which substantially reformed the previous system. The analysis describes the new criteria and procedures for the authorization of active substances to be used in the production of pesticides, traces the lengthy policy formulation process, and identifies factors that made policy change possible. Further, the book illustrates the current controversies that characterise the implementation of Regulation 1107/2009: the ban of pesticides harmful to pollinators, the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate, and the definition of criteria for the assessment of endocrine disruption. The author provides information on policy outcomes and highlights persisting shortcomings in the enforcement of EU regulation. This book will appeal to students and scholars from a variety of disciplines, including political science, political sociology, and public policy.
This report is one of six sub-reports forming part of PES-A/Phase 2 of a joint project addressing the development and evaluation of strategies for future plant protection policy in the EU. The project has been conducted under the aegis of DG XI of the European Commission, and the Dutch Ministry of the Environment (VROM). The starting point for the project (both Phase 1 and 2) was the hypothesis that intensive agricultural production in a large part of the EU has resulted in pollution from, inter alia, plant protection products (PPP), with resulting threats to groundwater, surface water, soil and air quality.
This report is a consolidation of six sub-reports forming part of PES-A/Phase 2 of a joint project addressing the development and evaluation of strategies for future plant protection policy in the EU. The project has been conducted under the aegis of DG XI of the European Commission, and the Dutch Ministry of the Environment (VROM). The starting point for the project (both Phase 1 and 2) was the hypothesis that intensive agricultural production in a large part of the EU has resulted in pollution from, inter alia, plant protection products (PPP), with resulting threats to groundwater, surface water, soil and air quality.
This report is one of six sub-reports forming part of PES-A/Phase 2 of a joint project addressing the development and evaluation of strategies for future plant protection policy in the EU. The project has been conducted under the aegis of DG XI of the European Commission, and the Dutch Ministry of the Environment (VROM). The starting point for the project (both Phase 1 and 2) was the hypothesis that intensive agricultural production in a large part of the EU has resulted in pollution from, inter alia, plant protection products (PPP), with resulting threats to groundwater, surface water, soil and air quality.
Plants form mutualistic association with various microorganisms, particularly in the rhizosphere region. The association benefits both the partners in a number of ways. A single plant can support the growth of diverse microbes and in reciprocation these microbes help the plant in several ways. A great deal of knowledge is now available on the mechanisms of action of plant growth promoting microbes in forming association with their partner plant and benefitting it. With ever increasing population and to achieve food security it has become utmost necessary to utilize these friendly microbes to enhance the crop yield and quality in an ecofriendly and sustainable manner. We already know about the huge negative impact of chemicals used in agriculture on the humans and the ecosystems as whole. ‘Plant Microbes Symbiosis – Applied Facets’ provides a comprehensive knowledge on practical, functional and purposeful utility of plant-microbe interactions. The book reviews the utilization of beneficial microbes for crop yield enhancement and protection against diseases caused by phytopathogens and nutrient deficiencies. The tome also reviews the utility of plant growth promoting microbes in helping the plants to deal with abiotic stresses imposed by climate change and anthropogenic activities. The book showcases how plant-microbe interactions are or can be utilized for reclamation of stressed soils and degradation of pollutants in a most effective and environment friendly manner. It also ascertains the reasons for the below par performance of the microbial based inoculants. The utilization of biotechnological tools for development of next generation bioformulations to combat the new challenges and overcome past hurdles has been discussed. This wonderful association between plants and microbes if used properly will not only enhance the crop yields and reclaim barren lands but also make our planet a better place to live on for all of its habitants.
The "Study supporting the REFIT Evaluation of the EU legislation on plant protection products and pesticides residues" provides an analysis of the legislative framework for pesticides. It covers two Regulations: Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 on the placing of plant protection products on the market, and Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 on pesticide residues in food and feed. The study assesses the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, coherence, and the EU added value of these Regulations. The analysis is based on case studies and on extensive consultation which encompassed interviews, focus groups, workshops, and surveys. Almost 10,000 citizens participated in an Open Public Consultation. The study finds that the two Regulations are overall effective and relevant. The Regulations allow a higher level of harmonisation across MSs that enhances the functioning of the internal market and protection of the health of consumers. Still, there is room to improve. The complexity of the issues at hand adds to the challenges of harmonisation, coordination, and implementation. These difficulties create obstacles to the full functioning of the internal market and protecting the health of humans, animals, and the environment.