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Adaptive Learning and the Human Condition presents the basic principles of classical (Pavlovian) and instrumental (Skinnerian) conditioning in a more coherent and expansive manner than is the case in other textbooks. Learning is defined as an adaptive process through which individuals acquire the ability to predict, and where possible, control the environment. This overarching definition enables integration of traditional Pavlovian and Skinnerian principles and terminology and makes explicit why treatment of the learning process is essentially limited to these two historical research paradigms. Pavlov developed a methodology for studying animals under circumstances where they could predict, but not control, sequences of environmental events. Skinner studied animals under circumstances where their behavior had an effect upon environmental events. Observational learning and symbolic communication (i.e., spoken or written language) are incorporated as indirect learning processes through which individuals can acquire the ability to predict or control. This treatment creates a perspective within which it is possible to consider the fundamental nature of the learning process in understanding the human condition and in addressing significant individual and social concerns. Examples of applications and issues not included in similar textbooks include: The role of classical and instrumental conditioning in language acquisition The administration of rewards and punishers in Baumrind’s parental styles as related to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development Stone-Age hunter-gatherer and technologically-advanced cultures: How did we get from there to here? Self-control and self-actualization While covering traditional technical and theoretical issues, the book is written in a clear, engaging style. The narrative builds across chapters, culminating in the treatment of applications and societal concerns of import and interest to students and faculty alike. Upon completing this book, readers should be able to: explain the significance of human condition through adaptive learning; present the basic principles of classical and instrumental conditioning; and understand the significance of scientific research
Adaptive Learning and the Human Condition provides a coherent and comprehensive introduction to the basic principles of classical (Pavlovian) and instrumental (Skinnerian) conditioning. When combined with observational learning and language, they are responsible for human accomplishment from the Stone Age to the digital age. This edition has been thoroughly updated throughout, relating adaptive learning principles to clinical applications as well as non-traditional topics such as parenting, moral development, and the helping professions. Defining learning as an adaptive process enables students to understand the need to review the basic animal research literature in classical and operant conditioning and consider how it applies to human beings in our everyday lives. Divided into four parts, this book covers historical research into psychology and adaptive learning, principles of adaptive learning (prediction and control), adaptive learning and the human condition, and behavior modification and the helping professions. The book showcases how an adaptive learning strategy can be practical, diagnostic, and prescriptive, making this an essential companion for psychology students and those enrolled in programs in professional schools and helping professions including psychiatry, special education, health psychology, and physical therapy.
Introductory Psychology and the Human Condition provides an engaging, cohesive, and practical treatment of traditional psychological principles and theories. The book uses Maslow’s human needs hierarchy and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development as organizational schemas for considering how cultures have evolved to address human needs. It relates major psychological processes including biology, perception, motivation, learning, and cognition to lifespan and personality development in nomadic hunter-gatherer and technologically enhanced cultures. Human history is described as a feedback loop in which inventions and technologies result in the need for individuals and cultures to adapt to changing environmental and social conditions. By applying interdisciplinary perspectives of the humanities, social and natural sciences, and helping professions to the human condition, it offers a meaningful lens through which to study and interpret core psychological concepts. Chapters are supported by self-understanding and self-control exercises that help students place their lives within a cultural and historical context and apply the principles of psychology to themselves. Offering an engaging overview of the essential elements of an introductory psychology course in an accessible and approachable style, Introductory Psychology and the Human Condition is core reading for introductory students and will appeal also to a general audience interested in psychology.
High IQs don't improve the world. Adaptive intelligence does, because it prioritizes the common good over individual success.
Mind Design: The Adaptive Organization of Human Nature, Minds, and Behavior does what most books on the subject don't do. It deals with the "big questions" in psychology and philosophy from an evolutionary neuroscience perspective. This highly readable volume provides a provocative look at the evolutionary origins and neurophysiological underpinnings of mind--including free will, the self, biological origins of the duality of human moral nature, human mate value and mate selection, the sensory/perceptual systems as adaptive virtual reality machines, and the emotions, intelligence, and consciousness as evolved psychological adaptations.
The interdisciplinary topic of anticipation, attracting attention fromnbsp;computer scientists, psychologists, philosophers, neuroscientists, and biologists is a rather new and often misunderstood matter of research. This book attempts to establish anticipation as a research topic and encourage further research and development work. First, the book presents philosophical thoughts and concepts to stimulate the reader's concern about the topic. Fundamental cognitive psychology experiments then confirm the existence of anticipatory behavior in animals and humans and outline a first framework of anticipatory learning and behavior. Next, several distinctions and frameworks of anticipatory processes are discussed, including first implementations of these concepts. Finally, several anticipatory systems and studies on anticipatory behavior are presented.
Corresponding chapter-by-chapter The Human Body in Health and Disease, 7th Edition, Elsevier Adaptive Learning combines the power of brain science with sophisticated, patented Cerego algorithms to help you learn faster and remember longer. It's fun; it's engaging; and it's constantly tracking your performance and adapting to deliver content precisely when it's needed to ensure core information is transformed into lasting knowledge. Duration for access to this product, which may be at the discretion of your institution, is up to 36 months. Elsevier reserves the right to restrict or remove access due to changes in product portfolio or other market conditions. An individual study schedule reduces cognitive workload and helps you become a more effective learner by automatically guiding the learning and review process. The mobile app offers a seamless learning experience between your smartphone and the web with your memory profile maintained and managed in the cloud. UNIQUE! Your memory strength is profiled at the course, chapter, and item level to identify personal learning and forgetting patterns. UNIQUE! Material is re-presented just before you would naturally forget it to counteract memory decay. A personalized learning pathway is established based on your learning profile, memory map, and time required to demonstrate information mastery. The comprehensive student dashboard allows you to view your personal learning progress.
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems, AIS 2020, which was due to be held in July 2020 as part of HCI International 2020 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1439 papers and 238 posters have been accepted for publication in the HCII 2020 proceedings from a total of 6326 submissions. The 41 papers presented in this volume were organized in topical sections as follows: designing and developing adaptive instructional systems; learner modelling and methods of adaptation; evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive instructional systems. Chapter "Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Chapters “An Ambient and Pervasive Personalized Learning Ecosystem: “Smart Learning” in the Age of the Internet of Things“ and “Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
This book presents the refereed post-proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Anticipatory Behavior in Adaptive Learning Systems. Twenty full papers were chosen from among the many submissions. Papers are organized into sections covering anticipatory aspects in brains, language, and cognition; individual anticipatory frameworks; learning predictions and anticipations; anticipatory individual behavior; and anticipatory social behavior.