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First published in 1957. This edition re-issues the second edition of 1965. Recognized as one of the leading books in its field, The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare presents the most comprehensive account available of the English historical drama from its beginning to the closing of the theatres in 1642 and relates this development to Renaissance historiography and Elizabethan political theory.
This volume forms part of the 5 volume set Early English Stages 1300-1660. This set examines the history of the development of dramatic spectacle and stage convention in England from the beginning of the fourteenth century to 1660.
Pierce systematically examines the nine history plays of Shakespeare in the 1590s in the approximate sequence of their composition. He discovers in them a constant elaboration and rich development of the correspondence between the family and the state into an ever more subtle and effective dramatic technique. Through a careful analysis of the language, characterization, and plots of the chronicles, Pierce demonstrates how the family served as an analogue of those grave events that marked the turbulent reign of King John and the subsequent terrible century of civil strife and wars with the French that haunted the imaginations of Englishmen more than a hundred years later. At times, he finds, Shakespeare depicts the family as a miniature of the kingdom, and the life of the family becomes a direct or ironic comment on the larger life of the commonwealth. At others, the family is inextricably bound up in a political situation by means of characters who are portrayed both in their public roles and as members of their families.
The festive Elizabethan comedies constitute a unique and dazzling drama, yet they have seldom been studied as a genre, and, except for Shakespeare's plays, they are seldom interpreted. Although successive audiences have found these works delightful, critics at times regard them as rather trivial. Professor Weld's book, which is based upon a challenging new view of sixteenth-century dramaturgy, results in a new understanding of the plays, and reveals in them a surprising profundity. These interludes and moralities are seen, not as crude transitional dramas of simplistic didacticism and confused technique, but as theatrically vital plays which are both technically sophisticated and semantically complex. The author defines the dramatic meaning he seeks as the Renaissance audience's understanding of the play, and offers an operational definition of that audience in terms of its knowledge and training. He explores the late medieval use of dramatic metaphor as a device for conveying meaning and shows how during the sixteenth century this device gave rise to a complex linguistic tradition, one from which the late Elizabethan and Jacobean genres developed. Not the least of these genres is "romantic comedy," a concept that Professor Weld expands considerably. Using common ideas of the time as conceptual tools for interpretation, he demonstrates a generic grouping which includes plays as superficially diverse as Lyly's Mother Bombie, Greene's Friar Bacon, and The Taming of the Shrew. They are linked by certain dramatic metaphors, by philosophical assumptions, and by their common concern to find a modus vivendi with the "absurd flesh." Our understanding of these romantic comedies has been blurred by the accumulated scholarly traditions and changing acting styles of the last 350 years. In order to discover a clear view of this dramatic form as it was understood by the Elizabethan audience, Professor Weld (who himself has had acting and directing experience) takes factors into account such as the playwrights' actual directions for performance (when such can be found), in order to study the communication of meaning from the Elizabethan playwright to his contemporary and varied audience. While to us, for instance, Hamlet might exemplify the Oedipus Complex and The Comedy of Errors a search for identity and the failure of communication, such "meanings" are by no means those assumed by the intelligent and educated Elizabethan playgoer. In Part I Professor Weld examines the dramatic traditions with which the audiences of Lyly, Greene, and Shakespeare had been familiar, while in Part II he interprets the comedies themselves. Since all of the dramatic kinds used much the same techniques and were concerned with many of the same themes, the book is also an introduction to the understanding of tragedy, history, and—especially—dramatic satire.
English drama between the late fifteenth century and the late sixteenth centuries is as diverse as it is engaging; this anthology brings together eighteen of the most interesting and important dramatic works from the period. The plays have been chosen to give a broad view of the drama produced in Tudor England. They testify to the eclectic tastes of sixteenth-century audiences, ranging from morality plays (Mankind, Everyman), to comedies inspired by the Roman plays of Terence and Plautus (Ralph Roister Doister), to tragedies inspired by the plays of Seneca (Gorboduc, Cambises). In later plays, morality plots rub shoulders with slapstick comic business (The Longer Thou Livest The More Fool Thou Art, The Three Ladies of London), and classical gods intervene in the affairs of England’s regions (Gallathea). While some of the plays offer pure entertainment, others have a clear political agenda. King Johan is presented as a prototype for English resistance to Rome’s Catholicism; Gorboduc’s decision to abdicate and divide his kingdom highlights the vexed question of the English succession under a childless queen. Other plays comment more obliquely on contemporary events. Play of the Four Elements reflects on England’s nascent maritime expeditions to the New World, while The Three Ladies of London comments topically on immigrant overcrowding in England’s port towns, and the dangers of England’s trade in the Mediterranean. Some plays push the boundaries of what the theatre can do in staging violence (Cambises) and questioning gender roles (Gallathea). Designed for undergraduate use, the anthology includes extensive explanatory annotations and a substantial introduction to each play; spelling and punctuation have been partially modernized in the interests of making the texts more accessible to students. In all this, the anthology follows principles similar to those developed for Christina M. Fitzgerald’s and John T. Sebastian’s Broadview Anthology of Medieval Drama; several of the plays from that anthology are also included here, while the rest have been newly edited for this volume, under the supervision of General Editor Alan Stewart.