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2nd book in 3-part Divine Covenants series
The doctrine of "the covenant of works" arose to prominence in the late sixteenth century and quickly became a regular feature in Reformed thought. Theologians believed that when God first created man he made a covenant with him: all Adam had to do was obey God's command to not eat from the tree of knowledge and obey God's command to be fruitful, multiply, and subdue the earth. The reward for Adam's obedience was profound: eternal life for him and his offspring. The consequences of his disobedience were dire: God would visit death upon Adam and his descendants. In the covenant of works, Adam was not merely an individual but served as a public person, the federal head of the human race. The Covenant of Works explores the origins of the doctrine of God's covenant with Adam and traces it back to the inter-testamental period, through the patristic and middle ages, and to the Reformation. The doctrine has an ancient pedigree and was not solely advocated by Reformed theologians. The book traces the doctrine's development in the seventeenth century and its reception in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Fesko explores the reasons why the doctrine came to be rejected by some, even in the Reformed tradition, arguing that interpretive methods influenced by Enlightenment thought caused theologians to question the doctrine's scriptural legitimacy.
This work by master theologian Edmund Calamy is a work of the highest order on covenant theology. Calamy says that there are two covenants, following the received standards of the Westminster Confession. There is the Covenant of Works, where all men by nature lie under the pollution and guilt of Adam’s sin, and liable to all the curses and penalties due to them for breach of that covenant. And then, secondly, there is the Covenant of Grace which God the Father made with Jesus Christ from all eternity to save some of the posterity of Adam. Calamy carefully and methodically explains that the Covenant of Grace was prepared and readied against the fall of Adam to take place at the very moment of his fall; otherwise the justice of God would have immediately seized on all of creation under heaven, and consumed them to nothing. But Jesus Christ came with the covenant in his hand saying, “Be gracious unto him, and deliver him from going down to the pit, I have found a ransom,” (Job 33:24). Calamy proves that the Covenant of Grace was made with Jesus Christ, and this was the contract of God the Father with God the Son from all eternity as mediator for the salvation of the elect. This is not a scan or facsimile, has been updated in modern English for easy reading and has an active table of contents for electronic versions.
Drawing from Genesis 1:1 and subsequent biblical revelation, Lane Tipton argues that before creating the visible world, the immutable triune God created a heavenly temple dwelling, filled that heavenly dwelling with the unchanging glory of his Spirit, and sanctified that heavenly dwelling as the realm of everlasting Sabbath Rest. Adam, as the created image of God and federal head of his posterity, could have advanced through perfect covenantal obedience beyond probation on the mountain of God in earthly Eden into the heavenly dwelling of God in Sabbath Rest. This God-centered and heaven-focused theological backdrop enriches our understanding of the person and work of Jesus Christ, as the second and last Adam in the covenant of grace, who in his humiliation and exaltation has opened the gates of heavenly paradise for his church.
What Do the Five Points of Calvinism Really Mean? Many have heard of Reformed theology, but may not be certain what it is. Some references to it have been positive, some negative. It appears to be important, and they'd like to know more about it. But they want a full, understandable explanation, not a simplistic one. What Is Reformed Theology? is an accessible introduction to beliefs that have been immensely influential in the evangelical church. In this insightful book, R. C. Sproul walks readers through the foundations of the Reformed doctrine and explains how the Reformed belief is centered on God, based on God's Word, and committed to faith in Jesus Christ. Sproul explains the five points of Reformed theology and makes plain the reality of God's amazing grace.
Covenant: A Vital Element of Reformed Theology provides a multi-disciplinary reflection on the theme of the covenant, from historical, biblical-theological and systematic-theological perspectives. The interaction between exegesis and dogmatics in the volume reveals the potential and relevance of this biblical motif. It proves to be vital in building bridges between God’s revelation in the past and the actual question of how to live with him today.
This book is a reprint of two seventeenth century theologians, Nehemiah Coxe (Adam-Abraham) and John Owen (Mosaic-New). Coxe says, "That notion (which is often supposed in this discourse) that the old covenant and the new differ in substance and not only in the manner of their administration, certainly requires a larger and more particular handling ... I designed to give a further account of it. But I found my labor for the clearing and asserting of that point happily prevented by the coming out of Dr. Owen's third volume on Hebrews." Owen said, "No man was ever saved but by virtue of the new covenant, and the mediation of Christ in that respect."--1689 Federalism.
Reformed churches have always been interested in the covenant idea, first the covenant of grace in Christ, but also a covenant with Adam before sin, commonly called the covenant of works. But what the covenant of works really meant in the 17th century, when it became standard orthodoxy, is often very poorly understood today. That ignorance has contributed to modifications which are not always for the better.
The doctrines of justification and covenant theology are two of the most basic and yet most misunderstood doctrines in the contemporary Reformed world. This volume addresses both doctrines carefully, biblically, theologically, and practically. Few books address both covenant theology and justification and relate these two doctrines to our confessions, and virtually no treatments address it from the point of view of the theological departments: exegetical theology, systematic theology, historical theology, and practical theology. This academic volume is also accessible to interested laity.
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