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This volume contains the papers presented at the French Colonial Historical Society's fifteenth annual meeting held in 1989. Contents: La Pens?íee rÈvolutionnaire et la question coloniale: De l'anti-esclavagisme + l'aboltionnisme; Les Archives de la Guadeloupe; Condorcet et les Colonies; Marronage, voodoo, and the Saint Domingue slave revolt of 1791; Robert Challe: Une Chronique Martiniquaise; Pacific de Provins and the Capuchin network in the French Colonies in Africa and America; La carriËre mouvementÈe de Charles Huaulet de Montmagny; Le chevalier de Boufflersau SÈnÈgal et la chevalier de Tourville + Saint Domingue; The Interaction of French and British antislavery, 1789-1848; Les Portraits de Victor Hugues dans Le SiËcle des LuminiËres d'Alejo Carpentier; Orphans of War: United States Diplomacy and the French West Indies; The Pointe CoupÈe Slave Conspiracy; Desertion, treason and the concept of loyalty on the frontier of New Imperialism's New Clothes: The Mandate System in Tropical Africa. Co-published with the French Colonial Historical Society.
On 31 May - 3 June 1995, more than 200 participants gathered in Sydney and at Fortress Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, for the 21st annual conference of the French Colonial Historical Society. Essays in French Colonial History contains seventeen of the best articles presented at this meeting. It is a wide-ranging collection that explores many new and innovative facets of the French experience outre mer. The contributors, a mix of established experts and younger scholars, examine French activity in North America, the West Indies, Africa, and South America and focus on issues military, social, cultural, native, and political history. Among the subject areas explored are: the 16th century French colonies in Brazil and Florida; Victor Hugues and the Reign of Terror on Guadeloupe; commerce and the distinctiveness of Louisbourg; the importance of letter-writing and compagnonnage; unresolved territory of the Creek Nation; case studies in the area of transition patrimonial; French colonial interests and policies in Atlantic Canada, Africa, and South America; attitudes among African Americans in post-French St. Louis; and a research report on the Historical Atlas of Quebec.
The Making of New World Slavery argues that independent commerce, geared to burgeoning consumer markets, was the driving force behind the rise of plantation slavery. The baroque state sought-successfully-to feed upon this commerce and-with markedly less success-to regulate slavery and racial relations. To illustrate this thesis, Blackburn examines the deployment of slaves in the colonial possessions of the Portuguese, the Spanish, the Dutch, the English and the French. Plantation slavery is shown to have emerged from the impulses of civil society, not from the strategies of individual states. Robin Blackburn argues that the organization of slave plantations placed the West on a destructive path to modernity and that greatly preferable alternatives were both proposed and rejected. Finally, he shows that the surge of Atlantic trade, predicated on the murderous toil of the plantations, made a decisive contribution to both the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West.
A.J.B. Johnston establishes the secular and religious contexts of life at Louisbourg and traces the mixed fortunes of three religious groups: the Récollets of Brittany, who acted as parish priests and chaplains; the Brothers of Charity of Saint John of God, who operated the King's Hospital; and the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre-Dame, who ran the local school for girls. Drawing on the extensive material in the Archives of the Fortress of Louisbourg, Johnston notes the groups' remarkable persistence in the face of personnel shortages, financial burdens, and conflicts with secular authorities and rival religious bodies. Not the least of their problems was the profound parsimony of the Louisbourgeois who declined to build a parish church or pay a compulsory tithe. Yet despite this independent stance, the author demonstrates, religion was at the centre of family and community life. Life and Religion at Louisbourg contributes substantially to the social as well as the religious history of New France.
This study investigates the various extreme-rightist leagues in Algeria, with particular attention to certain key themes, among them the rabid xenophobia directed at the Jewish population and local Muslims. It demonstrates that fascism helped to construct a racial hierarchy to preserve European hegemony and a pool of cheap labor.
AJ.B. Johnston establishes the secular and religious contexts of life in Louisbourg, and then traces the mixed fortunes of the three religious groups that served the French stronghold of Louisbourg during the eighteenth century. These were the Recollets of Brittany, who acted as parish priests and chaplains; the Brothers of Charity of Saint John of God, who operated the King's Hospital; and the Sisters of the Congregation of Notre-Dame, who conducted the local school for girls. Drawing on the extensive material in the Archives of the Fortress of Louisbourg, he notes the groups7 remarkable persistence in the face of personnel shortages, financial burdens, and conflicts with secular authorities and rival religious bodies. Not the least of their problems was the profound parsimony of the Louisbourgeois who declined to build a parish church or pay a compulsory tithe. Yet despite this independent stance, religion was at the centre of family and community life in Louisbourg, as the author demonstrates in a chapter devoted to the faith, morality, and popular beliefs of the town's inhabitants. The colourful military history of Louisbourg has been the subject of numerous books and articles, and the economy of He Royale has received close attention in recent years. This first comprehensive study of the religious aspects of life in this outpost of France's overseas empire contributes substantially to the social as well as the religious history of New France.