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The report describes work on a new type of optical scanning device which makes use of acoustic surface waves to scan an optical image. The device employs a silicon semiconductor as the photodector; the nonlinear interaction of two acoustic surface waves, whose electric fields interact with the silicon is employed in the basic mechanism of detection. Work on the airgap Si-LiNbO3 convolver configuration which is employed in this optical imaging device is described. Described is the theoretical development of the semiconductor convolver theory. Development of the technology of the ZnO on Si convolver configuration for use in the optical imaging device is discussed. A short description is given of a chirp generator, which was constructed for use in transform coding in these types of devices.
The technology of acoustical imaging has advanced rapidly over the last sixty years, and now represents a sophisticated technique applied to a wide range of fields including non-destructive testing, medical imaging, underwater imaging and SONAR, and geophysical exploration. Acoustical Imaging: Techniques and Applications for Engineers introduces the basic physics of acoustics and acoustical imaging, before progressing to more advanced topics such as 3D and 4D imaging, elasticity theory, gauge invariance property of acoustic equation of motion and acoustic metamaterials. The author draws together the different technologies in sonar, seismic and ultrasound imaging, highlighting the similarities between topic areas and their common underlying theory. Key features: Comprehensively covers all of the important applications of acoustical imaging. Introduces the gauge invariance property of acoustic equation of motion, with applications in the elastic constants of isotropic solids, time reversal acoustics, negative refraction, double negative acoustical metamaterial and acoustical cloaking. Contains up to date treatments on latest theories of sound propagation in random media, including statistical treatment and chaos theory. Includes a chapter devoted to new acoustics based on metamaterials, a field founded by the author, including a new theory of elasticity and new theory of sound propagation in solids and fluids and tremendous potential in several novel applications. Covers the hot topics on acoustical imaging including time reversal acoustics, negative refraction and acoustical cloaking. Acoustical Imaging: Techniques and Applications for Engineers is a comprehensive reference on acoustical imaging and forms a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, senior undergraduate and graduate students.
The 17th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, during May 31-June 2, 1988. The symposium was organized by the ultrasonics research group of Tohoku University and the IEEE ijFFC Society, Tokyo Chapter. Of the 128 papers submitted, 88 were presented during the symposium, which comprised 144 researchers from 13 countries. This volume contains 81 papers as the record of the symposium and is clas sified into the following sections: (1) Acoustic Microscopy and its Applications; (2) Non-Destructive Evaluation; (3) Signal Processing of Images; (4) Acoustic Measurements and Physical Acoustics; (5) Medical Ultrasonic Diagnostics; (6) Acoustic Sensors; (7) Acoustic Holography and Tomography; (8) Seismic Exploration; and (9) Imaging Instrumentation and Other Techniques. A number of the papers submitted were associated with medical ultrasonic diagnostics and acoustic microscopy, reflecting a major activity in acousti cal imaging at Tohoku University. Accordingly, two invited talks were focused on this area: acoustic microscopy by Dr. G. A. D. Briggs of the University of Oxford and medical ultrasonics by Prof. M. Tanaka of Tohoku University. In light of the history of research in this field at our university, we are delighted to have had the opportunity to host the 17th symposium.
The contents of this volume are the proceedings of the 23'd International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging which took place 13-16 April, 1997, in Boston, Massachusetts. The first Symposium met 25 years ago. Originally the Symposium met in California, then elsewhere within the United States but beginning in 1988 the Symposia began to meet outside of the United States as welL It is now being held about every eighteen months, alternately in the United States and then outside. The present pattern is to hold one meeting in East Asia, then in the USA, then in Europe and again in the USA However, for scheduling reasons the next Symposium will be in Santa Barbara, California, followed by England and then East Asia. It is to be noted that the Symposium is a free standing institution, not associated with any other organization. Each meeting is the total responsibility of its chairman with the advice of past chairmen. Papers are submitted in response to the call for them and reviewed by an International Scientific Advisory Board . . The quality depends entirely on the response to the calL It is gratifYing to note that the Symposium has attained the status that attracts high quality contributions despite (or perhaps because ot) the loose structure. Two factors that have appeal are that there is only one session and that there is time during the meeting for extensive discussion.
Volume 15 follows the format of earlier volumes in the series. The contents give the next installment in the varied aspects of acoustical imaging research. On this occasion, some emphasis was placed on the rela tionship of l1nderwater acoustics to acoustical imaging and a volume of papers under the title "Underwater Acoustics Proceedings from the 12th ICA Symposium held in Halifax," will appear at roughly the same time as this volume. There is no duplication in these volumes but they are in terlinked, at least to the extent that papers from common conference sessions appear in one or another volume. An innovation is the review paper presented at the beginning of the volume "A History of Acoustical Imaging," by G Wade. This fairly detailed review comes at a point in time when so much has been achieved and in some cases passed by, that a record of some of the earlier work might help to keep a balance with the large collections of research papers which have appeared in the many volumes.
Acoustics is the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound. Its origins began with the study of mechanical vibrations and the radiation of these vibrations through mechanical waves, and still continue today. Research was done to look into the many aspects of the fundamental physical processes involved in waves and sound and into possible applications of these processes in modern life. The study of sound waves also leads to physical principles that can be applied to the study of all waves. The broad scope of acoustics as an area of interest and endeavour can be ascribed to a variety of reasons. First, there is the ubiquitous nature of mechanical radiation, generated by natural causes and by human activity. Then, there is the existence of the sensation of hearing, of the human vocal ability, of communication via sound, along with the variety of psychological influences sound has on those who hear it. Such areas as speech, music, sound recording and reproduction.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany during April 3 -5, 1991. It was the first time that the symposium was held in Europe after major political changes happened in that area. The freedom to travel for all people from eastern European countries was an obvious reason for the great numbers of sub mitted abstracts and for numerous conference participants. 193 of 239 submitted contributions from 29 countries were accepted for presentation by authors from USA (13%), Canada (2%), Japan (7%), Peoples Republic of China (7%), United Kingdom (4%), France (7%), Italy (3%), Poland (4%), Soviet Union (7%), Germany (28%) and other countries (18%). 283 scientists from 29 countries attended the conference representing the interdisciplinary field between mathematics, physics, engineering and medicine. 151 papers were available for publication in this proceedings covering the topics 1. Mathematics and Physics of Acoustical Imaging 2. Components and Systems 3. Applications in Medicine and Biology 4. Applications in Nondestructive Testing 5. Remote Sensing Applications 6. Industrial Applications A relative large number of contributions on acoustical microscopy was included in the conference program within topics 3 and 4. Also, papers on "non-traditional" acoustical imaging subjects, e. g. on phonon imaging and on remote sensing in the atmosphere, have broadened the scope of the conference. The success and stimulation of the conference and of the papers presented in this volume is owed, of course to the authors and participants.
In the course of the years the volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have developed to become well-known and appreciated reference works. Offering both a broad perspective on the state of the art in the field as well as an in-depth look at its leading edge research, this Volume 30 in the Series contains again an excellent collection of contributions, presented in five major categories: