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This paper provides references for the Navy's existing models for shallow-water propagation. The shallow-water acoustic environment is then briefly described, followed by a description of sound propagation. Four basic models of sound propagation in the ocean most relevant to shallow-water propagation are derived from their common wave equation origin: ray theory, spectral theory, normal mode theory, and the parabolic equation method. Some results from these models are discussed.
Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation, Fourth Edition continues to provide the most authoritative overview of currently available propagation, noise, reverberation, and sonar-performance models. This fourth edition of a bestseller discusses the fundamental processes involved in simulating the performance of underwater acoustic systems and emphasizes the importance of applying the proper modeling resources to simulate the behavior of sound in virtual ocean environments. New to the Fourth Edition Extensive new material that addresses recent advances in inverse techniques and marine-mammal protection Problem sets in each chapter Updated and expanded inventories of available models Designed for readers with an understanding of underwater acoustics but who are unfamiliar with the various aspects of modeling, the book includes sufficient mathematical derivations to demonstrate model formulations and provides guidelines for selecting and using the models. Examples of each type of model illustrate model formulations, model assumptions, and algorithm efficiency. Simulation case studies are also included to demonstrate practical applications. Providing a thorough source of information on modeling resources, this book examines the translation of our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical models that simulate acoustic propagation, noise, and reverberation in the ocean. The text shows how these models are used to predict and diagnose the performance of complex sonar systems operating in the undersea environment.
Underwater Acoustic Modeling provides the only comprehensive source on how to translate our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical formulas solvable by computers.
The long term goal of this work is to develop a numerical model for studying acoustic propagation in range and depth dependent shallow water environments, with inclusion of bottom effects. In this project, simplified two dimensional models, both analytical and numerical, were developed to study the effect of complex (rigid) bottom topography on the acoustic propagation in an otherwise homogeneous water column. In both cases, a Boundary Integral Equation approach was used. Matching was specified along interface boundaries between the solution in the interior region, with irregular topography, and exterior constant depth radiation regions. Eigenfunction expansions of the solution were used in radiation region. Results were obtained for simple obstacles in an otherwise flat bottom (steps, rectangular obstacles, plus plane slopes and wedges). Using an impedance transfer matrix, the method can also solve problems for an arbitrary combination of steps and wedges.
Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation examines the translation of our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical models that can simulate acoustic propagation, noise and reverberation in the ocean. These models are used in a variety of research and operational applications to predict and diagnose the performance of complex sonar systems operating in the undersea environment. Previous editions of the book have provided invaluable guidance to sonar technologists, acoustical oceanographers and applied mathematicians in the selection and application of underwater acoustic models. Now that simulation is fast becoming an accurate, efficient and economical alternative to field-testing and at-sea training, this new edition will also provide useful guidance to systems engineers and operations analysts interested in simulating sonar performance. Guidelines for selecting and using available propagation, noise and reverberation models are highlighted. Specific examples of each type of model are discussed to illustrate model formulations, assumptions and algorithm efficiency. Instructive case studies demonstrate applications in sonar simulation.
This newest edition adds new material to all chapters, especially in mathematical propagation models and special applications and inverse techniques. It has updated environmental-acoustic data in companion tables and core summary tables with the latest underwater acoustic propagation, noise, reverberation, and sonar performance models. Additionally, the text discusses new applications including underwater acoustic networks and channel models, marine-hydrokinetic energy devices, and simulation of anthropogenic sound sources. It further includes instructive case studies to demonstrate applications in sonar simulation.
Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation examines the translation of our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical models that can simulate acoustic propagation, noise and reverberation in the ocean. These models are used in a variety of research and operational applications to predict and diagnose the performance of complex s