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Prenatal exposure to substances of abuse is a significant public health problem in the United States. Alcohol use among women has increased over the past decade and the gender gap between men and women related to drinking continues to narrow, creating the potential for alcohol-related, adverse health effects, including alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Furthermore, there appears to be a change in drinking patterns when it comes to Hispanic women who are more highly acculturated. Despite this, few studies have examined the association between acculturation levels and decisions about alcohol and contraception use. This study utilizes the transtheoretical model of behavior change, the social cognitive model, and the social ecological model to understand the most relevant individual and systemic elements that affect behavior change. The current study analyzes data from a parent study, two-group randomized clinical trial of 261 women of reproductive age receiving services in primary care clinics receiving either CHOICES Plus or Brief Advice. The results showed differences between alcohol and contraception use outcomes for Hispanic versus non-Hispanic women. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that acculturation was also associated with differences in some of the transtheoretical model constructs. Further research should explore differences in acculturation among Hispanic subgroups. The data also support existing literature that suggests the need for components of interventions to be adapted based on ethnicity and level of acculturation.
This book details an exploratory research study that was conducted to examine the associations between acculturation, stress, alcohol consumption and other variables in a sample of 100 Puerto Rican alcohol users residing in the state of Massachusetts. The study relied on a cross sectional survey and a non probability sample. The data collected included acculturation scores, acculturation stress scores, data on the use of alcohol and other drugs, and demographic information. Comparisons were made among sample subjects based on gender, place of birth, acculturation levels, and educational levels. No statistically significant differences were found among subjects in the low, partial and high acculturation categories in terms of their levels of acculturative stress, or their frequency and amount of alcohol consumption. Significant associations were found, however, between stress and alcohol and illegal drug use. Findings suggest that the associations between alcohol/drug use and stress were significantly stronger among female and United States-born subjects. Study findings also suggest differences between Puerto Rican and other Latino alcohol users in the United States. hypotheses. For this reason, after exploring the associations between a number of variables, the book concludes by providing research ideas and by recommending 12 hypotheses to be tested in future research. A highly relevant and valuable contribution to the understanding of alcohol abuse among Puerto Ricans in the United States... Every effort must be made to ensure that the findings of studies like this are properly disseminated.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine how acculturation would influence alcohol consumption among Hispanic/Latinos. Data from the California Health Interview Survey for 2007 were used to analyze and predict the relationship between alcohol consumption and acculturation. For Hypothesis 1, acculturation measured as English language proficiency and English language preference would predict alcohol consumption among foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos who live in the United States. For Hypothesis 2, acculturation measured as number of years of residence in the United States was a predictor of alcohol consumption. Hypothesis 3 considered gender as a moderator for the relationship between acculturation and alcohol consumption: higher alcohol consumption would be found among Latinas with higher levels of acculturation than among Latino men. The results showed that English language, specifically "the preference of English media," was a statistically significant predictor of alcohol consumption; therefore, Hypothesis 1 was partially supported. Hypothesis 2, that years of residence in the United States as a predictor for alcohol consumption, was also supported. However, Hypothesis 3 was not supported: Latino men and women did not differ in terms of alcohol consumption as a function of acculturation.
Before AIDS, the role of behavioral interventions in preventing transmission of sexually transmitted diseases was acknowledged in text books and journals but rarely promoted effectively in public health practice. This book addresses the complexities and social contexts of human behaviors which spread STDs, the cultural barriers to STD education, and the sociopolitical nuances surrounding treatment.
With comprehensive coverage of maternal, newborn, and women's health nursing, Maternity & Women's Health Care, 10th Edition provides evidence-based coverage of everything you need to know about caring for women of childbearing age. It's the #1 maternity book in the market -- and now respected authors Dr. Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, Dr, Shannon E. Perry, Kitty Cashion, and Kathryn R. Alden have improved readability and provided a more focused approach! Not only does this text emphasize childbearing issues and concerns, including care of the newborn, it addresses wellness promotion and management of common women's health problems. In describing the continuum of care, it integrates the importance of understanding family, culture, and community-based care. New to this edition is the most current information on care of the late preterm infant and the 2008 updated fetal monitoring standards from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. A logical organization builds understanding by presenting wellness content first, then complications. Critical Reasoning exercises offer real-life situations in which you can develop analytical skills and apply their knowledge. Teaching for Self-Management boxes offer a guide to communicating follow-up care to patients and their families. Signs of Potential Complications boxes help you recognize the signs and symptoms of complications and provide immediate interventions. Procedure boxes offer easy-to-use, step-by-step instructions for maternity skills and procedures. Emergency boxes may be used for quick reference in critical situations. Medication Guide boxes provide an important reference for common drugs and their interactions. Cultural Considerations boxes stress the importance of considering the beliefs and health practices of patients from various cultures when providing care. Family content emphasizes the importance of including family in the continuum of care. Nursing Care Plans include specific guidelines and rationales for interventions for delivering effective nursing care. Community Activity exercises introduce activities and nursing care in a variety of local settings. Student resources on the companion Evolve website include assessment and childbirth videos, animations, case studies, critical thinking exercises with answers, nursing skills, anatomy reviews, a care plan constructor, review questions, an audio glossary, and more.
Europe's "Black Death" contributed to the rise of nation states, mercantile economies, and even the Reformation. Will the AIDS epidemic have similar dramatic effects on the social and political landscape of the twenty-first century? This readable volume looks at the impact of AIDS since its emergence and suggests its effects in the next decade, when a million or more Americans will likely die of the disease. The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States addresses some of the most sensitive and controversial issues in the public debate over AIDS. This landmark book explores how AIDS has affected fundamental policies and practices in our major institutions, examining: How America's major religious organizations have dealt with sometimes conflicting values: the imperative of care for the sick versus traditional views of homosexuality and drug use. Hotly debated public health measures, such as HIV antibody testing and screening, tracing of sexual contacts, and quarantine. The potential risk of HIV infection to and from health care workers. How AIDS activists have brought about major change in the way new drugs are brought to the marketplace. The impact of AIDS on community-based organizations, from volunteers caring for individuals to the highly political ACT-UP organization. Coping with HIV infection in prisons. Two case studies shed light on HIV and the family relationship. One reports on some efforts to gain legal recognition for nonmarital relationships, and the other examines foster care programs for newborns with the HIV virus. A case study of New York City details how selected institutions interact to give what may be a picture of AIDS in the future. This clear and comprehensive presentation will be of interest to anyone concerned about AIDS and its impact on the country: health professionals, sociologists, psychologists, advocates for at-risk populations, and interested individuals.
One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.