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Silicon Valley is known the world over as an epicenter of technology innovation. As such it is frequently analyzed, compared, and imitated. Accelerators, short-term incubators that foster technology startups, attempt to appropriate many elements of Silicon Valley and apply them in different global contexts. They bring together cohorts of technology startups in various global locations to help them develop their teams and products and learn from and connect with others in the ecosystem in a limited-duration “bootcamp.” Since the initial one was created in 2005, accelerators have expanded rapidly into all corners of the globe with the promise of providing the necessary soft infrastructure for creating technology startups and fostering an ecosystem. But can this ideal type of Silicon Valley be appropriated through emulating its environments, culture, and practices? To explore this, I conducted an in-depth qualitative study of startup accelerators situated in different locations globally. Much of this research was conducted in situ through ethnographic fieldwork over the several-month courses of accelerator programs in Singapore and Buenos Aires, providing a rich view into the day-to-day workings of these accelerators. This was complemented by foundational research through interviews in Silicon Valley and abroad with a variety of accelerator participants and personnel globally. This research presents a framework of Silicon Valley as a model ecosystem, consisting of nine major components. It demonstrates the ways in which accelerators attempt to appropriate this model and the isomorphic mechanisms that play a role in this. At the team level, it investigates issues that arise for founders participating in the startup culture of accelerators in different global contexts. And at the practice level, it examines the surprising roles of Lean Startup methods and of pitching in both innovation and social transformation. This work highlights the interplay of innovation and legitimacy for these accelerators and startups and shows how accelerators are shaping the flow of innovation globally by spreading a model that prioritizes diffusion of innovation at the front end of the process. This has implications for the development of accelerators and innovation ecosystems at the global and local levels.
The integration of national economies in a global economic system has become a central feature of contemporary political, social, economic, and cultural life. However, the mechanisms of such integration are not well understood. In this collection of essays, leading scholars in the area of evolutionary economics clarify the structure of innovation systems and discuss the role played by technological innovation in fostering economic growth and international integration.
Focusing on North America, Innovation Systems in a Global Context examines the nature of existing systems of innovation in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; the conceptual questions surrounding the analysis of such systems; trends towards the creation of supranational systems in East Asia, Europe, and North America; and some of the ecological, cultural, economic, and social problems confronting these large-scale systems.
One of the major challenges for European governments is to solve the dilemma of increasing the security and reducing fraud in international trade, while at the same time reducing the administrative burden for commercial as well as public administration organisations. To address these conflicting demands, the ITAIDE project has developed a large set of innovative IT-related tools and methods that enable companies to be better in control of their business operations. These tools and methods have been integrated in the ITAIDE Information Infrastructure (I3) framework. By using the I3 framework, companies are better positioned to apply for the Trusted Trader status, and enjoy trade facilitation benefits such as simplified customs procedures and fewer inspections of their goods. Hence, the I3 framework can contribute to making global supply chains faster, cheaper, and more secure. The I3 framework has been tested and validated in five real-life Living Labs, spanning four different sectors of industry, and conducted in five different EU countries. National Tax & Customs organizations from various European countries have actively participated in the Living Labs. The United Nations CEFACT group, experts from the World Customs Organization and representatives of key industry associations have also provided valuable feedback and ideas for the Living Labs and the project in general. www.itaide.org
While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.
This book gathers the best contributions from the conference “Digital Transformation of the Economy: Challenges, Trends and New Opportunities”, which took place in Samara, Russian Federation, on May 29–31, 2018. Organized by Samara State University of Economics (Samara), Russia, the conference was devoted to issues of the digital economy.Presenting international research on the impact of digitalization on economic development, it includes topics such as the transformation of the institutional environment under the influence of informatization, the comparative analysis of the digitalization development in different countries, and modeling the dependence of the rate of change in the economy on the level of the digitalization penetration into various spheres of human activity. It also covers business-process transformation in the context of digitalization and changes in the structure of employment and personnel training for the digital economy. Lastly, it addresses the issue of ensuring information security and dealing with information risks for both individual enterprises and national economies as a whole. The book appeals to both students and researchers whose interests include the development of the digital economy, as well as to managers and professionals who integrate digital solutions into real-world business practice.
The debate over offshoring of production, transfer of technological capabilities, and potential loss of U.S. competitiveness is a long-running one. Prevailing thinking is that "the world is flat"â€"that is, innovative capacity is spreading uniformly; as new centers of manufacturing emerge, research and development and new product development follow. Innovation in Global Industries challenges this thinking. The book, a collection of individually authored studies, examines in detail structural changes in the innovation process in 10 service as well as manufacturing industries: personal computers; semiconductors; flat-panel displays; software; lighting; biotechnology; pharmaceuticals; financial services; logistics; and venture capital. There is no doubt that overall there has been an acceleration in global sourcing of innovation and an emergence of new locations of research capacity and advanced technical skills, but the patterns are highly variable. Many industries and some firms in nearly all industries retain leading-edge capacity in the United States. However, the book concludes that is no reason for complacency about the future outlook. Innovation deserves more emphasis in firm performance measures and more sustained support in public policy. Innovation in Global Industries will be of special interest to business people and government policy makers as well as professors, students, and other researchers of economics, management, international affairs, and political science.
Leading experts from academia, government, and industry present information, ideas, programs and initiatives that accelerate the creation of smart cities, fast systems, and global networks.
This Global Challenges Report describes the innovation process for vaccines. It explains how the restricted availability of vaccines is due to impediments at every stage of the process. Most of these obstacles are manageable, and intellectual property (IP) rights are associated with only some of them. The analysis aims to put into perspective debates around health innovation and the availability of health technologies in developing countries, especially with respect to the role of IP. In particular, it provides an overview of how IP has been used to meet global health challenges in the vaccines field, and considers whether lessons can be drawn to inform other important health technologies.
This open access book is an encyclopaedic analysis of the current and future energy system of the world’s most populous country and second biggest economy. What happens in China impacts the planet. In the past 40 years China has achieved one of the most remarkable economic growth rates in history. Its GDP has risen by a factor of 65, enabling 850,000 people to rise out of poverty. Growth on this scale comes with consequences. China is the world’s biggest consumer of primary energy and the world’s biggest emitter of CO2 emissions. Creating a prosperous and harmonious society that delivers economic growth and a high quality of life for all will require radical change in the energy sector, and a rewiring of the economy more widely. In China’s Energy Revolution in the Context of the Global Energy Transition, a team of researchers from the Development Research Center of the State Council of China and Shell International examine how China can revolutionise its supply and use of energy. They examine the entire energy system: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, renewables and new energies in production, conversion, distribution and consumption. They compare China with case studies and lessons learned in other countries. They ask which technology, policy and market mechanisms are required to support the change and they explore how international cooperation can smooth the way to an energy revolution in China and across the world. And, they create and compare scenarios on possible pathways to a future energy system that is low-carbon, affordable, secure and reliable.